Earth Science Oceans

Front 1

why is ocean water salty

Back 1

-minerals that are washed out from the land
-water evaporates and leaves the salt behind
-most of the salt is sodium chloride

Front 2

define salinity

Back 2

the amount of salt in water

Front 3

define water pressure

Back 3

the downward push of water

Front 4

how are water depth and pressure related

Back 4

the depper the water the more water pressure there is

Front 5

what are three details that describe conditions deep in the ocean

Back 5

-tempature is low
-there is no light
-water pressure is very high

Front 6

how is the ocean floor like land

Back 6

some parts are flat,some parts are sloped,has mountains and deep valleys,and volcanoes

Front 7

define continental shelf

Back 7

the part of the ocean floor that drops gently near the land

Front 8

define continental slope

Back 8

the part of the ocean that slopes steeply

Front 9

what formed the deep canyons in the continental slope

Back 9

large rivers flowing into the ocean

Front 10

how is the continental rise formed

Back 10

sedimental piles up at the base of the continental rise

Front 11

define abyssal plain

Back 11

a large flat area of the ocean floor

Front 12

what are three features on the abyssal plain

Back 12

mountains seamounts volcanoes
trenches
mid ocean ridge

Front 13

What are three main ways islands in the ocean can change?

Back 13

-can be built up by volcanic eruptions
-can be worn away by ocean waves
-coral reefs can form around them

Front 14

Define wave

Back 14

The up and down movement of surface water

Front 15

How does wind moving over the surface of water affect it?

Back 15

It causes the surface of the water to move with it

Front 16

In a wave, what moves forward across the surface of the water?

Back 16

Energy

Front 17

What happens to waves as they approach the shore?

Back 17

The waves slow down and become higher and closer together

Front 18

What is a strom surge?

Back 18

A mound of water pushed onto shore by hurricane

Front 19

How is a tsunami different from other waves?

Back 19

A tsunami is caused by an earthquake or erupting volcano. Other kinds of waves are caused by wind.

Front 20

Define current

Back 20

A stream of water that flows like a river through the ocean

Front 21

How does an ocean current differ froma wave?

Back 21

An ocean current is not easily seen at it moves water forward, sometimes for a long distance.

Front 22

What is a surface current and what causes it?

Back 22

-Surface current is a large ocean current that flows across the surface of the ocean
-Caused by moving air (winds)blowing across the surface of the ocean

Front 23

Name two kinds of near-shore currents

Back 23

Long-shore current and reip current

Front 24

What is the difference between a surface current and a deep-ocean current?

Back 24

A surface current is caused by winds and deep-ocean current is caused by differences in water temperature

Front 25

How is a surface current different from a current near a coast?

Back 25

A surface current is large and carries water great distances. A current near a coast is smaller and helps shape beaches.

Front 26

Define tide

Back 26

The rise and fall in the water level of the ocean

Front 27

What causes tides?

Back 27

Tides are caused by the pull of the sun and moon on Earth's oceans.

Front 28

Why does the moon affect tides more than the sun?

Back 28

The moon is closer to the Earth.

Front 29

How is high tide different from low tide?

Back 29

At high tide, the water level is high because of a bulge in the ocean. At low tide, between bukges the water level is low.

Front 30

Define shore

Back 30

The area where the ocean and the land meet and interact.

Front 31

How do waves affect a shoreline?

Back 31

Waves can carry rock material, including sand, away. Waves can also deposit rock materials.

Front 32

Define headland.

Back 32

A point of land at the shore where hard rock is left behind and other materials are washed away.

Front 33

Define tide pool

Back 33

A temporary pool of ocean water that gets trapped between rocks when the tide goes out.

Front 34

What are two features that can be seen along a shore?

Back 34

Tide pool and sea arch

Front 35

What is an estuary?

Back 35

Is the area where a river flows into the ocean.

Front 36

What are two problems caused by beach erosion?

Back 36

-Makes some beaches smaller and others larger.
-Fills in channels, which then become too shallow for boats to pass through

Front 37

How do people restore beaches?

Back 37

Sand is dredged from channels and put back on the beaches.

Front 38

Define Jetty

Back 38

A wall-like structure that sticks out into the ocean to prevent sand from being carried away.

Front 39

How have explorers been able to travel deep into the oceans?

Back 39

Diving bells, diving suits, and submarines have made deep-sea exploration possible. They also have remote controlled vehicles equipped with cameras and submersibles.