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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the composition of gases in the Earth's current atmosphere? |
Mixture of gases. 78% Nitrogen. 21% Oxygen. 1% other. |
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It's the weight of the air above you. |
What is atmospheric pressure?
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How does air pressure change when going from low to high elevations? |
It gradually decreases as you go up in altitude. |
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How does air temperature change when going from low to high elevations in the atmosphere? |
It fluctuates between increasing and decreasing. |
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What are the layers of the atmosphere? |
The exosphere, thermosphere, Mesosphere, Stratosphere, Troposphere. |
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What layer does the most weather occur? |
Troposphere |
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What layer includes the ozone layer? |
The stratosphere |
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a sub-layer that protects life from the sun's ultraviolet rays |
What is the ozone? |
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The trapping of the sun's warmth cause by atmospheric gases. |
What is the Greenhouse Effect?
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the amount of water vapor in the air per unit of volume
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What is absolute humidity? |
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Ratio of the amount of water vapor in the air divided by the amount of water vapor in the air could hold if it were saturated |
Relative humidity |
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What is the relationship between RH and temperature? |
They increase and decrease by the opposite. So, to increase humidity, you need to lower temperature. |
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What is the relationship between RH and AH? |
Initially the same. When you raise RH, you need to raise AH. |
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What is the main source of oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere? |
primarily from photosynthesis |
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Has the percentage of atmospheric oxygen been the same during the Phanerozoic? |
No. It has greatly inclined and then started fluctuating. |
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What two things locked up the carbon from the atmosphere CO2? |
Locked up in oxygen and calcium to make calcium carbonate. |
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Hierarchy of groups of stars in the Universe? |
cosmosphere
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What are the synonyms for the cosmosphere? |
cosmos and the universe |
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What is the study of the universe and outer space? |
astronomy |
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What is the study of the development of the universe? |
Cosmology |
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What is the study of how movements and positions can change the future? |
astrology |
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What is a cluster? |
a group of galaxies. |
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What is the name of the galaxy that we are in and where is our star located? |
The Milky Way. In the outer part in the Orion Arm. |
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What is the estimated range for number of stars in a galaxy? Number of galaxies in the universe? |
50 billion to 200 billion years. |
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What are configurations of stars in the sky? |
Constellations |
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What are the two uses of constellations? |
Navigation in the sky & horoscopes. |
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What are made of ices that hold together pieces of rocky and metallic materials? |
Comets |
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What are like flying mountains in orbit around the sun? |
Asteroids |
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What are streaks of light in the sky caused by meteoroids falling through the sky? |
Meteors |
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What are solid particle or body in space that enters the atmosphere and heats up to produce a burning light as it falls towards the ground? |
Meteoroids |
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What are the solid remains of a meteoroid once it hits the ground? |
Meteorites |
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What major planets have rings? |
All the Jovian/Gas planets. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. |
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Which planets have moons? |
Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune |
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How many moons does Jupiter have? |
67 |
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How many moons does Saturn have? |
62 |
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How many moons does Uranus have? |
27 |
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Have many moons does Neptune have? |
14 |
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Which planet does not have an atmosphere? |
Mercury |
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What is the order, starting from the sun, of the planets? |
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune |
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Which planets are terrestrial/rocky? |
The first four. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars. |
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Which planets are the Jovian/gas planets? |
The last four. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. |
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Which planet spins on its side? |
Uranus |
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Which planet spins backwards? |
Venus |
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What is the shape of any planet's orbit around the sun? |
Planets orbit the sun not in perfect circles. |
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What is the sun made of? |
very hot gases in the plasma phase. Such as hydrogen and helium. |
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What is a nuclear process that occurs on the sun? |
Thermonuclear fusion |
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What is the change in frequency of energy that is in the form of waves, depending on whether the source of the waves is moving towards or away from the observer? |
The Doppler Effect |
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What is a geometric point without any measurable dimensions? |
a singularity |
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What is the speed of light? |
186,000 miles/second |
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What is a light year? |
the distance that light travels during one earth year, which is 6 trillion miles |
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What is the scientifically estimated age of the Universe? |
13.7 billion years ago |
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What did the Big Bang explode out of? |
Singularity |
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What is the sequence of events associated the Big Bang theory? |
1. Singularity 2. a rapid outpouring of expanding 3. cooling stage as it expands 4. That energy is changed into matter |
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What are the three possible fates for the end of the Universe? |
1. The universe expands forever 2. The universe expands to a point and then balances 3. The universe expands to a point and then collapses on itself. |
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What did Aristotle do? |
Figured out the Earth was round do the image it shows off when it eclipses |
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What did Erastosthenes do? |
Figured out the Earth's circumference |
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What did Aristarchus do? |
He made the first discovery that the Earth is not the center of the orbit, the sun is. |
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What did Hipparchus do? |
He mapped and categorized 800 stars |
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What did Claudius Ptolemy do? |
He figured out that the planets don't always orbit in a perfect circle, sometimes they orbit backwards too |
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What did Nicolaus Copernicus do? |
He made the heliocentric a paradigm |
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What did Tycho Brahe do? |
Used non-telescope images to look and measure nearby stars and such |
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What did Johannes Kepler do? |
He figured out the planetary motion and the shape of the planets orbits |
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What did Galileo Galilei do? |
He used telescope evidence to support heliocentric paradigm |
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What did Isaac Newton do? |
He figured out the idea of inertia and gravity |
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What features of a star are used to distinguish different stars from each other? |
Color, temperature, brightness and mass |
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What does the Hertzsprung-Russel diagram show? |
The classification of stars, based on brightness and temperature |
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What is a star formed from fusion? |
A Main Sequence star |
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What is the inward-pulling force? |
gravity |
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What is the outward-pushing force? |
Fusion |
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What do dark line spectra and bright light spectra allow us to deduce about stars? |
their temperature |
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What do low to medium weight elements form? |
White Dwarfs |
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What do all star's paths have in common? |
Nebula, Protostar, and main sequence star |
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Where does the nebula come from? |
It's recycled from another stars pathway. |
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What two different categories of things does a star emit? |
E/M radiation and solar wind |
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What process did the planets form within the planetary disk? |
Through accretion. |
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The solar system is at least how many billion years old? |
4.6 billion years old. |
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When did the period of heavy bombardment end? |
4 billion years |
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When did the Earth-Moon system finish forming to it's current stage? |
4.5 billion years ago |
