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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Measuredin calories—one calorie is the heat necessary to raise the temperature of one onedegree Celsius
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Heat Energy |
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Storedor hidden heat
Notderived from temperature change Importantin atmospheric processes |
Latent Heat |
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solid liquid gas |
3 states of matter |
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What must happen for matter to change states? |
Heat must be absorbed or released. |
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Liquidis changed to gas
600calories per gram of water added—called latent heat of vaporation |
Evaporation |
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Water vapor (gas) is changed to a liquid Heatenergy is released—called latent heat of condensation
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Condensation |
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Solidis changed to liquid
80 calories per gram of water are added—called latent heat of melting |
Melting |
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Liquidis changed to a solid Heat isreleased—called latent heat of fusion
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Freezing |
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Solidis changed directly to a gas (ex: ice cubes shrinking in a freezer
680calories per gram of water added *Sublimationis the conversion of a solid directly to gas without passing through liquid state. |
Sublimation |
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Water vapor (gas) changed to a solid (ex: frost in a freezercompartment)
Heat isreleased *Depositionis the conversion of a vapor directly to solid, this change occurs for example whenwater vapor is deposited as ice on solid objects such as grass or wind. |
Deposition |
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Amountof water vapor in the air
Saturatedair is air that is filled with water vapor to capacity Capacityis temperature dependent—warm air has a much greater capacity Watervapor adds pressure (called vapor pressure) to the air The general term for the amount of water vapor in air. |
Humidity |
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Massof water vapor in a unit of air compared to the remaining mass of dryair.
Oftenmeasured in grams per kilogram |
Mixing Ratio |
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Ratioof the air’s actual water vapor content compared with the amountof water vapor required for saturation at that temperature(and pressure).
Indicateshow mere the air is to saturation, ratherthan the actual quantity of water vapor in the air. |
Relative Humidity |
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changingthe air temperature: lowering the temperatureraises the relative humidity.
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the two ways Relative Humidity can change |
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Temperatureto which a parcel of air would need to be cooled to reach saturation.
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dew point temperature |
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comparestemperatures of wet-bulb thermometer and dry-bulb thermometer
-if the air saturated (100 percent relative humidity) then both thermometersread the same temperature. -the greater the difference between the thermometer readings, thelower the relative humidity |
Psyschrometer |
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readsthe humidity directly
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hair hygrometer |
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Adiabatic Heating |
Airis compressed
- motionof air molecules increases - air willwarm -descending air is compressed due to increasing air pressure |
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Adiabatic Cooling |
-air will cool
- risingair will expand due to decreasing air pressure When airis allowed to expand it cools, when air is compressed it warms |
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-unsaturated air -rising air expands and cools and 1 degree celcius per 100 meters (5.5 degree celcius per 1000 feet) -descending air is compressed and warms at 1 degree C per 100 meters
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dry adiabatic rate |
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- commences at condensation level
-air has reached the dew point -condensation is occurring and latent heat is being liberated -heat released by the condensing water reduces the rate of cooling -rate varies from 0.5 degrees celcius to 0.9 degrees celcius per 100 meters µ�Y+��: |
wet adiabatic rate |
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elevatedterrains act as barriers resultcan be a rainshadow desert
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orographic reading |
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coolair acts as barrier to warm air frontare part of the storm systems called middle-latitude cyclones
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frontal wedging |
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localizedconvective lifting occurs where unequal surface heatingcauses pockets of air to rise because of their buoyancy.
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localized convective heating |
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aproperty of air that describes its tendency to remain in its original position(stable) or to rise (unstable)
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stability |
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-warmerthan surrounding air
-lessdense than surrounding air -continuesto rise until it reaches an altitude with the sametemperature |
absolute instability |
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This risingparcel of air, is cooler than the surrounding air for nearly 3000 meters withthe addition of latent heat abovethe lifting condenensation level the parcels become warmer thanthe surrounding air. From this point, along its ascent the parcel will continueto rise
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conditional instability |
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consistof delicate ice crystals that form when super cold fog or cloud droplets freezeon contact with objects
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rime |
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wecannot see hail unless there is a continuous warm air. The warm air cools andfreeze and drop, while dropping another warm air raises the drops up and coolsagain forming another layer of eyes, and does so continuously forming differentsized hail.
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concentric shells |
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•Temperature •Humidity •Cloudiness •Precipitation •Airpressure •Windsspeed and direction
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elements of weather and climate |
