Earth Science Exam 2

Front 1

Matter

Back 1

Anything that has mass and takes up space el

Front 2

Element

Back 2

Substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means

Front 3

Atom

Back 3

Smallest unit of an element that had the chemical properties of that element

Front 4

Protons

Back 4

Subatomic particles that have a positive charge

Front 5

Electrons

Back 5

Subatomic particles that have a negative charge

Front 6

Neutrons

Back 6

Subatomic particles that are neutral (have no charge)

Front 7

Atomic number

Back 7

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Front 8

Mass number

Back 8

Sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom

Front 9

Isotope

Back 9

One of two or more atoms that have the same number of protons (atomic number) but different numbers of neutrons (atomic mass)

Front 10

Average atomic mass

Back 10

Weighted average of the atomic masses of the naturally occurring isotopes of an element

Front 11

Physical properties

Back 11

Can be observed without changing the composition of the substance (density,color, hardness, freezing point, boiling point)

Front 12

Chemical properties

Back 12

How a substance reacts with other substances

Front 13

Compound

Back 13

Substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds

Front 14

Molecule

Back 14

Groups of atoms that are held together by chemical forces

Front 15

Ion

Back 15

Atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons and has a negative or Osiris charge

Front 16

Ionic bond

Back 16

Attractive force between oppositely charge ions which form when electrons are transferred from one atom or molecule to another

Front 17

Covalent bond

Back 17

Bond formed when atoms shared one or more pairs of electrons

Front 18

Mixture

Back 18

Combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combine

Front 19

Solution

Back 19

Homogeneous mixture throughout which two or more substances are uniformly dispersed

Front 20

Mineral

Back 20

Natural usually inorganic solid that has a characteristic chemical composition an orderly internal structure and a characteristic set of physical properties

Front 21

Streak

Back 21

Color of a mineral in powdered form

Front 22

Fracture

Back 22

Manner in which a mineral breaks along either curved or irregular surfaces

Front 23

Luster

Back 23

The way in which a mineral reflects light

Front 24

Cleavage

Back 24

Tendency of a mineral to split along specific planes of weakness to from smooth flat surfaces

Front 25

Density

Back 25

Ratio of the mass amid a substance to the volume of a substance

Front 26

Polar covalent

Back 26

Covalent bond in which the bonded atoms have an unequal attraction for the shares electrons

Front 27

Why are there polar covalent bonds in a water molecule

Back 27

Two hydrogen atoms bond covalently with an oxygen atom and form a water molecule. Since the oxygen atom has more of an ability to attract electrons than the hydrogen atom does, the electrons are not shared equally between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms

Front 28

Intrusive igneous rock

Back 28

Rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma beneath earths surface

Front 29

Extrusive igneous rock

Back 29

Rock that forms from the cooling and solidification of lava at earths surface

Front 30

Chemical sedimentary rock

Back 30

Sedimentary rock that forms when minerals precipitate from a solution of settle from a suspension

Front 31

Organic sedimentary rock

Back 31

Rock that forms from the remand of plants or animal

Front 32

Clastic sedimentary rock

Back 32

Rock that forms when fragments of pre existing rocks are compacted or cemented together

Front 33

Regional metamorphism

Back 33

Change in the texture, structure, or chemical composition of a rock due to changes in temp and pressure over a large area generally as a result of tectonic forces

Front 34

Contact metamorphism

Back 34

Change in the texture, structure, or chemical comparison of a rock due to contact with mama

Front 35

Felsic

Back 35

Describes magma or igneous Rock that is rich is feldspars and silica and that is generally light in color

Front 36

Mafic

Back 36

Describes magma or ingenious rock that is Rick in magnesium and iron and that is generall dark in color

Front 37

Ore

Back 37

Natural material whose concentration of economically valuable minerals is high enough for the material to be mined profitably

Front 38

How nuclear fission is used to generate electricity

Back 38

First energy is released by the nuclear reaction heats water in the pressurized first circuit to a high temp. Next the superheated water is pumped into a heat exchanger which transfers the heat of the first circuit to the second circuit. Water in the second circuit flashes into high pressure steam. Third, steam is directed against a turbine setting it in motion the turbine sets the here tatie in motion generation electricity. Lastly a third circuit cools the steam from the turbine and the waste heat is released from the cooling tower in the form of steam

Front 39

Geothermal energy

Back 39

The energy produced by heat within earth

Front 40

Solar energy

Back 40

Energy received by earth from the sun in the form of radiation

Front 41

Hydroelectric energy

Back 41

Electrical energy produced by the flow of water

Front 42

Biomass

Back 42

Plant material, manure, or any other organic matter that is used as an energy source