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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A naturally occurring inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and orderly arrangement of atoms.
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mineral
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All minerals are __________.
A) unordered B) naturally occurring C) organic solids D) made in a lab |
naturally occurring
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Not made by life processes.
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inorganic
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Atoms that are arranged in a pattern that are repeated over and over.
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crystalline solids
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a solid in which the atoms are arranged in an orderly repeating pattern
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crystal
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all minerals are made of crystals T or F?
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True
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If a mineral forms in a large open space...
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...it will form smooth sided regular shape
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horizontal distances between opposite crystal surfaces are equal
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hexagonal
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minerals with dimensions that are unequal in length, resulting in crystals with a brick like shape
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othorhombic
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minerals that exhibit unequal dimensions in their crystal structure, only one right angle forms, other angles are oblique, no 90 degree angles
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monoclinic
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crystal equal in size across all three dimensions
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cubic
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like cubic except one dimension is longer or shorter than the others
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tetragonal
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crystals unequal in all dimensions, all angles are oblique
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triclinic
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when magma cools on or below the earth's surface, what determines the mineral?
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the elements that are present
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slow cooling of magma =
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large crystals
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fast cooling of magma =
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small crystals
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when water evaporates the elements in the water can come together to form?
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evaporites
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a solution that contains more of a dissolved solid that would normally dissolve in the amount of solvent
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supersaturated solution
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- most common rock
- a metal combined with silicon or silicon and oxygen - often igneous - ex. quartz |
silicates
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any element combined with oxygen, very abundant, ex. opal
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oxide
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a metal combined with carbon and oxygen, CO3 group, ex. calcite
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carbonate
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a metal combined with sulfur and oxygen, SO4 group, ex. selenite
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sulphates
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a metal combined with sulfur, ex. Pyrrhotite
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sulphide
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a metal combined with boron and oxygen, ex. colemanite
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borate
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a metal combined with a halogen gas, ex. halite
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halides
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a metal combined with phosphorus and oxygen, ex apatite
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phosphate
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element not combined with metals or non metals, ex. gold and sulfur
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elementals
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What is NOT a good way to identify a mineral?
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appearance
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a measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched
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hardness
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developed in 1824 to determine the hardness of a mineral by comparing it (see pp. 69)
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mohs scale
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the way a mineral reflects light
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luster
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the ratio of a minerals weight compared to an equal volume of water
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specific gravity
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color of a mineral in powdered form
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streak
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the way a mineral breaks
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cleavage
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minerals that break with ragged, rough or jagged surfaces
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fracture
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- magnetism
- fluorescence - double refraction |
other properties of minerals
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highly prized minerals
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gems or gem stones
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quartz and small amount of iron
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amethyst
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used in cutting
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diamonds
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used in lasers
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ruby
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a mineral or rock that contains enough of a useful substance that it can be mined for profit
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ore
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used in watches
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quartz
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