Earth Science Ch.16

Front 1

Electromagnetic waves

Back 1

A form of energy that can move through the vacuum of space

Front 2

Radiation

Back 2

The direct transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves

Front 3

Most of the energy from the Sun travels to Earth in the form of

Back 3

Visible infrared or ultraviolet radiation

Front 4

Some sunlight is

Back 4

Absorbed and reflected or it passes through the atmosphere on to the surface

Front 5

Scattering

Back 5

When particles in gases in the atmosphere reflect light in all directions

Front 6

Greenhouse effect

Back 6

The process by which gases hold heat in the air

Front 7

Temperature

Back 7

The average amount of energy of motion of each particle of a substance

Front 8

Thermal energy

Back 8

The total energy of motion in the particles of a substance

Front 9

Air temperature is usually measured with a

Back 9

Thermometer

Front 10

Thermometer

Back 10

Is a thin glass tube with a bulb on one end that contains a liquid

Front 11

Heat

Back 11

The transfer of thermal energy from a hot object to a cold one

Front 12

Radiation

Back 12

The direct transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves

Front 13

Heat is transfered in three ways

Back 13

Conduction and convection and conduction

Front 14

Conduction

Back 14

The direct transfer of heat from one substance to another substance that is touching

Front 15

Convection

Back 15

The heat transferred by the movement of a fluid

Front 16

Radiation conduction and convection together to

Back 16

Heat the troposphere

Front 17

Winds are caused by differences in

Back 17

Air pressure

Front 18

Animator

Back 18

How wind speed is measured

Front 19

Wind chill factor

Back 19

The increased cooling a wind can cause

Front 20

Local winds

Back 20

Winds that blow over short distances

Front 21

Local winds are caused by

Back 21

Unequal heating of Earth's surface within a small area

Front 22

Seabreeze

Back 22

A local wind that blows from an ocean or lake

Front 23

Land breeze

Back 23

The flow of air from land to a body of water

Front 24

Global winds

Back 24

Winds that blow steadily from specific directions over long distances

Front 25

Cornelius effect

Back 25

The way Earth's rotation makes winds curve

Front 26

Doldrum

Back 26

A cold area where warm air

Front 27

Horse latitude

Back 27

Call areas of falling hair

Front 28

Latitude

Back 28

Distance from the equator measured in degrees

Front 29

Tradewinds

Back 29

Blow from horse latitudes toward the equator

Front 30

Prevailing westerlies

Back 30

Blow away from horse latitudes

Front 31

Polar easterlies

Back 31

Blow cold air away from the poles

Front 32

Jetstream

Back 32

High-speed winds

Front 33

Water cycle

Back 33

The movement of water between the atmosphere and Earth's surface

Front 34

Evaporation

Back 34

The process by which water molecules in liquid water Escape in the air as water vapor

Front 35

Humidity

Back 35

A measure of the amount of water vapor in the air

Front 36

Relative humidity

Back 36

The percentage of water vapor that is actually in the air compared to the maximum amount of water vapor that air can hold at a particular temperature

Front 37

Psychrometer

Back 37

Measures relative humidity

Front 38

Clouds form when

Back 38

Water vapor in the air condenses to form liquid water or ice crystals

Front 39

Condensation

Back 39

Molecules of water vapor in the air become liquid water in the process of

Front 40

Dew point

Back 40

The temperature at which condensation begins

Front 41

Cirrus clouds

Back 41

Wispy feathery clouds

Front 42

Cumulus clouds

Back 42

Clouds that look fluffy rounded piles of cotton

Front 43

Stratus clouds

Back 43

Clouds that form in flat layers

Front 44

Precipitation

Back 44

The water that eventually returned to the surface of the Earth

Front 45

Common types of precipitation include

Back 45

Rain sleet freezing rain snow hail

Front 46

Rain

Back 46

The most common kind of precipitation

Front 47

Sleet

Back 47

When raindrops fall through the air that is below 0 degrees Celsius

Front 48

Freezing rain

Back 48

When raindrops not freezing the air but freeze to the ground

Front 49

Snow

Back 49

Water vapor in a cloud that is converted directly into ice crystals

Front 50

Hail

Back 50

Round pellets of ice larger than 5 millimeters in diameter

Front 51

Droughts

Back 51

Long periods of unusually low precipitation

Front 52

Cloud seeding

Back 52

One method used to modify precipitation is

Front 53

Sandy's measure precipitation with various instruments including

Back 53

Rain gauges and measuring sticks

Front 54

Snowfall is usually measured with

Back 54

A simple measuring stick or by melting collected snow and measuring the depth of this water it produces

Front 55

Rain gauge

Back 55

An open-ended can or tube that collects rainfall