Earth Science Ch.10

Front 1

Sedimentary rock

Back 1

The type of rock that is made of hardened sediment

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Mold

Back 2

A hollow area in sediment in the shape of an organism or part of an organism

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Cast

Back 3

A solid copy of the shape of an organism

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Petrified fossils

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Fossils in which minerals replace all or part of an organism

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Carbon film

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An extremely thin coating of carbon on Rock

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Trace fossils

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Evidence of the activities of ancient organisms

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Paleontologist

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Scientist who study fossils

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Paleontologist

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Scientist who study fossils

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Fossils record evidence about

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This tree of life and past environments on Earth they also show how different groups of organisms have changed over time

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Scientific theory

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A well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations

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Evolution

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The gradual change in living things over long periods of time

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Extinct

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It no longer exists and will never live on Earth again

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Relative age

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A rock that is age compared to other ages of rocks

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Absolute age

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A rock that is compared to other rocks by the number of years since it was formed

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Law of superposition

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Determine the relative age of sedimentary rock layers

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Extrusion

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Lava that hardens on the

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Intrusion

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The magma that cools and hardens into a mass of igneous rock

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Unconformity

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The surface where new rock layers meet and much older rock surface beneath them

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Index fossils

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A fossil that must be widely distributed and rivers in the type of an organism that existed only briefly

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Index fossils are useful because

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They tell the relative ages of rock layers in which they occur

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Adams

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Tiny particles

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Adams

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Tiny particles

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Element

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When all the atoms in a particular type of matter are the same

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radioactive decay

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Overtime when elements break down or Decay by releasing particles and energy

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During radioactive decay

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Atoms of one element breakdown to form atoms of another element

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Half life

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The half-life of a radioactive element is the time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms to decay

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Geologists use radioactive dating

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To determine the absolute ages of rocks

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Geologic time scale

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A record of the life forms and geologic events in Earth's history

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After the Precambrian time

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The basic units of geologic time scale are eras and periods

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Era

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3 long units of time

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Periods

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Arrows that are subdivided into units of geologic time

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Scientists hypothesize that Earth formed at the same time as

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The other planets and the Sun roughly 4.6 billion years ago

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During the first several hundred million years of the Precambrian time

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The atmosphere oceans and continents begin to form

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Continental drift

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When continents move very slowly over Earth's surface

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Comet

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A ball of dust and Ice that orbits the Sun

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Scientists have found fossils of single-celled organisms in rock that formed about three.5 billion years ago

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Nice are the earliest life forms and are probably similar to present-day bacteria

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At the beginning of the Paleozoic Era

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A great number of different kinds of organisms evolved

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Invertébrés

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Animals without backbones

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Jawless fish were

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The first vertebres

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Vertebrae

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A animal with a backbone

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During the devonian period

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Animals begin to invade the land

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Amphibian

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An animal that lives part of its life on land and part of its life in water

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Reptiles

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Have scaly skin and lay eggs with tough leathery shells

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Mass extinction

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When all kinds of organisms died out

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During the Permian period

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Earth's continents move together to form a great land mass called Pangaea

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Mammal

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A warm-blooded vertebrate that feeds its young milk

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During the cenozoic era

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Mammals evolved to live in many different environments

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During the quaternary period

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Earth's climate cooled causing a series of ice ages