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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a sudden shaking or trembling of the Earth |
earthquake |
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the underground point at which an earthquake starts |
focus |
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place on Earth's surface directly above the focus |
epicenter |
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another name for earthquake waves |
seismic waves |
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type of earthquake wave that travels the fastest |
P wave |
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type of earthquake wave that causes the most damage |
L wave |
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type of earthquake wave that travels 2nd fastest |
S waves |
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Scale used to express the magnitude of an earthquake |
Richter scale |
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scale used to express the intensity of an earthquake |
Modified Mercalli scale |
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the amount of damage caused by an earthquake |
intensity |
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the amount of energy released by an earthquake |
magnitude |
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an earthquake that is 0 to 70 km deep |
shallow quake |
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an earthquake that is 70 - 300 km deep |
intermediate quake |
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an earthquake that is more than 300 km deep |
deep quake |
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forces that push and pull on Earth's crust |
stress |
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force that squeezes rock layers together |
compression |
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force that stretches rock layers so they become thinner |
tension |
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force that pulls rock layers horizontally |
shearing |
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a break or crack in rock layers along which movement occurs |
fault |
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the block of rock above a fault |
hanging wall |
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the block of rock beneath a fault |
foot wall |
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type of fault where the hanging wall moves down |
normal fault |
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type of fault where the hanging wall moves up |
reverse fault |
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type of fault where the hanging wall moves up over the foot wall |
thrust fault |
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a bend in rock layers |
fold |
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an upward fold in rock layers |
anticline |
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a downward fold in rock layers |
syncline |
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the difference in arrival times of P waves and S waves |
lag time |
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a large ocean wave caused by an underwater earthquake, volcano or landslide |
tsunami |
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the tendency of Earth's surface to spring back to its original position when stress is released |
elastic rebound |
