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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What type of plant is earth? |
Terrestrial |
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What is the term used to describe when the sun is directly above the Tropic of Cancer?
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Summer solstice
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How long does it take Earth to rotate once on its axis?
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One day |
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How many official planets are in our solar system? |
Eight |
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Which of the following takes up the most space, by volume and mass, of Earth?
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The mantle
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According to the theory and models of the layers of Earth, the solid, rocky ______ floats around on the somewhat liquid _______.
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lithosphere; asthenosphere
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The greatest volcanic activity on Earth occurs under water.
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True
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The three types of plate boundaries are convergent, divergent, and transvergent.
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False |
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What is the source of energy for plate tectonics?
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the center of Earth
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All continents have a shield, a stable platform, and folded mountain belts.
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True |
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The Andes Mountains in South America formed when two plates collided. What kind of faults would you expect to find throughout the Andes Mountains?
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reverse faults
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Reverse faults are formed from _______ forces.
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compression
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Which type of wave moves the fastest?
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primary wave
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The __________ of an earthquake happens underneath the crust. |
shadow zone |
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An earthquake measuring 6.5 on the Richter scale is ________ times more energetic than one measuring 5.5. |
30 |
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What type of waves do you feel in an earthquake? |
surface waves |
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Other “Hawaii's” could be formed. |
True |
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In what direction would you suppose the Pacific Plate is moving, just by looking at the islands of Hawaii?
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Northeast |
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Slow, oozing flow of lava is made of what? |
basalt |
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Which of the following is made primarily from tephra? >composite volcano, >shield volcano, >cinder cone volcano, >dike |
a cinder cone volcano |
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Magma that squeezes in a vertical crack and cools is a _______, while magma that is forced into a horizontal crack and cools is a _______.
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dike; sill
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Which term refers to the opening in the volcano where lava comes out? |
Vent |
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What are batholiths? |
large intrusive bodies of igneous rock that are formed underground |
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Why do only a few organisms actually fossilize? >Most organisms decay quickly.
>The organism has to be where scavengers can’t get it. >The organism has to be buried before decaying begins. >All of these reasons are correct. |
All of these reasons are correct.
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Which term refers to a cavity created in a rock in the shape of a fossil?
>caldera >cast >mold >petrified |
mold |
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Fossils can be anything from teeth to footprints.
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True |
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Which era in the fossil record is associated with massive extinctions from catastrophic events?
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Mesozoic
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Who proposed the law of uniformitarianism?
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James Hutton
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What is the most recent geologic time span?
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Quaternary
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The law of uniformitarianism explains that forces of nature existed thousands of years ago just as they exist today.
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True |
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Suppose you found three layers of rock. You use radiometric dating to determine that the top layer of the rock is 100 million years old. What can you conclude about the bottom layer of rock without doing any more testing?
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The bottom layer of rock is older than 100 million years old.
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What is the half-life of a radioactive element?
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the time it takes for half of the isotope to decay
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What does relative dating determine?
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the chronological order of rock layers
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Which of the following is used to determine the exact age of a rock or fossil?
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radioactive age dating
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You drop a mineral and it shatters on the floor. You notice that there are no patterns or smooth places in any of the pieces. Could you say this mineral has cleavage?
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No |
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What term describes the shininess of a metal?
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luster
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Although a mineral may be rust in color, it could produce a pink powder _______ when scratched with a porcelain plate.
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streak
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The silicates are among the most common minerals. Silicates are made of what?
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oxygen and silicon
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Which of the following conditions determine whether a substance is a mineral?
>solid >nonliving >formed by natural processes >all of these |
all of these
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What hardness does a mineral have if it is scratched by a steel file but scratches a piece of glass?
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6.0
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Sandstone is a sedimentary rock. When its minerals are changed by heat and pressure, what kind of rock is formed?
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quartzite, a metamorphic rock
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Limestone can be classified as both a chemical and an organic sedimentary rock.
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True |
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What are the most common type of rocks in Earth's crust?
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igneous
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Slate is often used for roofing tiles. What property of slate makes it useful for roofs?
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It is a foliated, metamorphic rock whose layers are so compacted that water cannot seep through.
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Plant roots can cause both chemical and mechanical weathering.
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True |
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The difference between chemical weathering and mechanical weathering is that mechanical weathering does not actually change the chemical makeup of the mineral.
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True |
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What is the difference between a slump and a creep?
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Slumps occur from one large mass giving way down a slope, and creeps occur over large masses of an area that slowly creep downward.
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Till is deposited from _______ while outwash is deposited by _______.
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ice; water
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The Wind can only pick up the small sediments such as sand and silt. The larger sediments are left behind. When the wind blows through an area and picks up the small sediments, it leaves an area different than before the wind. What is this type of wind erosion called?
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deflation
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How do rills turn into gullies?
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Several rill erosions travel in the same basic path
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What type of separating technique would be best to separate a mixture of salt and water?
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evaporation
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What property of matter is responsible for gold falling out of a mixture in a jig?
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density
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What property of matter would you use to separate iron from other minerals?
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magnetism
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Decaying plant and animal matter make soil dark, rich, and healthy. What is this decaying plant and animal matter called?
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humus
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If you were going to plant a garden, soil from which layer would be the best to choose from in creating your garden?
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horizon A
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Which area would you expect to have the thickest soil profile?
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Florida
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The most common type of gas in our atmosphere is _______ followed secondly by _______.
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nitrogen; oxygen
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A warm, sunny window is a nice place to read a book. What makes it so warm?
>radiation >conduction >convection |
radiation
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What are the four layers of the atmosphere, beginning closest to Earth’s surface?
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troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere
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What is the coldest layer of air in the atmosphere?
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thermosphere
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Which statement is true about Earth’s atmosphere?
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Air rises at the equator and sinks at the poles.
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Cold air is denser than warm air.
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True |
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A warm front most often includes what type of weather?
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slow, steady rain—a light drizzle
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It’s a beautiful day, with a blue sky and a handful of high, wispy clouds dotting the sky. What kind of clouds are they, most likely?
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cirrus
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Warm air can hold _______ cool air.
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more water vapor than
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A large, swirling, low-pressure system found over water can evolve into major winds. What is this type of storm?
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Hurricane
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Choose the statement that is not a property of water. >has a lower density when it freezes >has a higher density when it freezes >is a solvent, so it can dissolve many compounds |
has a higher density when it freezes
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What process involves a liquid changing to a gas?
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evaporation
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What percent of Earth’s water is fresh water?
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3% |
