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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is kinetic energy? |
r |
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How efficient is a steam turbine engine? |
r |
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Which country in the world uses the highest amount of energy per capita? |
r |
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Which naturally occurring chemical reaction is in its simplest form: CO2 + H2O + energy --> CH2O +O2 |
Photosynthesis |
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Name a sedimentary environment setting that may evolve to produce a succession of coal bearing rocks |
Cyclothem |
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Name three British Coalfields |
Bristol and Somerset Coalfield Lancashire Coalfield Kent Coalfield Durham Coalfield Yorkshire Coalfield North Wales Coalfield Anglesey Coalfield |
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What is a concealed coalfield? |
Where the Coal Measures are still covered by the later rocks the area is called a 'concealed coalfield'. Coal deposits buried beneath younger strata, e.g. the Kent coalfield, south-eastern England. |
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Where are there deep coal mines that are currently operating in the UK? |
There are no longer any operating coal mines in the UK. The last one closed in 2015. |
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Name two components of crude oil |
Hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur |
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Which of the following statements are true: 1. Algal kerogen is oil prone 2. Algal kerogen is gas prone 3. Algal kerogen is oil and gas prone 4. Humic kerogen is oil prone 5. Humic kerogen is gas prone 6. Humic kerogen is oil and gas prone |
1. Algal kerogen is oil prone 5. Humic kerogen is gas prone |
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At approximately what temperature is the oil maturation peak |
100 degrees |
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Is Britain a net exporter or importer of oil? |
r |
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What is thermal subsidence? |
Thermal subsidence is a mechanism of subsidence in which conductive cooling of the mantle thickens the lithosphere and causes it to decrease in elevation. |
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What is primary recovery of oil? |
Primary Oil recovery refers to the process of extracting oil either via the natural rise of hydrocarbons to the surface of the earth or via artificial lift devices. Includes natural water displacing oil downward into the well, expansion of the natural gas at the top of the reservoir. Recovery factor is 5-15%. |
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Approximately, what is the average percentage of oil recovery from the North Sea oil fields? |
r |
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What commonly used unit of energy is equivalent to 42 gigajoules? |
r |
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In oil refining, what is cracking? |
In petroleum geology and chemistry, cracking is the process whereby complex organic molecules such as kerogens or long chain hydrocarbons are broken down into simpler molecules such as light hydrocarbons, by the breaking of carbon-carbon bonds in the precursors. |
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Explain why much more energy is released from nuclear fusion than nuclear fission |
r |
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In Advanced gas cooled reactors, what material is used for moderators? |
r |
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Name two natural sources of radioactivity |
r |
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Name two methods of directly harnessing the sun's energy |
r |
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Where in Britain is there a working wave energy power station? |
r |
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Name two geophysical methods used in oil exploration |
1. Magnetic surveys 2. Gravity surveys 3. Seismic reflection surveys |
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What is catagenesis |
Catagenesis is a term used in petroleum geology to describe the cracking process which results in the conversion of organic kerogens into hydrocarbons. |
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What is the approximate temperature range of the gas window? |
175 - 250 |
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Is Britain a net exporter or importer of gas? |
r |
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What is secondary recovery of oil? |
r |
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What commonly used unit of volume of oil is equal to 159 litres? |
1 Barrel |
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In oil refinery, what is distillation? |
r |
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in PWR reactors what is used as a moderator? |
r |
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What is potential energy? |
r |
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In magnox reactors, what material is used for moderators? |
r |
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What are the three forms of organic carbon? |
Oil, gas and coal |
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Organic matter undergoes diagenesis to produce what two products? |
Kerogen and Bitumen |
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What is diagenesis? |
The physical and chemical changes occurring during the conversion of sediment to sedimentary rock. |
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Is kerogen soluble or insoluble in organic solvents? |
Insoluble in organic solvents |
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Is bitumen soluble or insoluble in organic solvents? |
Soluble in organic solvents |
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What are the basic requirements for fossil fuel formation? |
1. Source 2. Preservation 3. Maturation 4. Concentration |
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What type of coal has the most carbon wt % |
Graphite |
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How does coal form? |
Coal forms from peat Peat forms from dead vegetation Preservation of peat requires anoxic conditions Stagnant water Lush vegetation, poor drainage No inorganic sediment |
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Is Britain an exporter or importer of coal? |
Importer |
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Name the top 3 coal exporters |
Indonesia, Australia, Russia |
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Name the top 3 coal importers |
China, India, Japan |
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What is the estimated storage in UK gas fields? |
5000 Mt |
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What is shale gas? |
Gas that has not migrated but has remained in the source rock |
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What are oil shales? |
Contain oil that has not migrated but has remained in the source rock |
