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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
antiforms and anticlines
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concave-down structures comprised of warps in rock and sediment beds.
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synforms and synclines
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concave-up structures comprised of warps in rock and sediment beds.
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The difference betw. anticlines and synclines, and antiforms and synforms is...
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the rock in the former can be dated.
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The dip is known as...
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the angle of inclination in the folds of thes structures; these dips are measured downward from the horizontal and in a certain direction, e.g. 45w
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a horizontal bed has a ___ dip and a vertical bed has a ___ dip.
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0....90
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Oil and gas rise to the surface uless thay are trapped underground; this because...
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thay are less dense than surrounding rock.
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seeps
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natural discharges of hydrocarbons at the eaths surface.
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Oil and gas are held underneath the earths surface by _________.
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hydrocarbon traps
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Hydrocarbon traps are brought about by...
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porosity/permeability differences in the rock [or both] which cause oil and gas to accumulate and remain stored underground.
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porosity
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a measure of void space in rock reported in percentage.
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permeability
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a measure of the ability of fluids to flaw through rock; note, pore spaces in a rock must be interconnected to attain permeability.
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oil and gas migrate from _______
twhere they are generated, into _________ where they are stored. |
source rocks...resevoir rocks
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examples of good resevoir rocks are...
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limestone and sandstone
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Impermeable rocks which stop the movement of oil and gas are known as_________ or __________.
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confining beds or cap rocks.
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An example of an effective cap rock is...
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shale
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faults
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fracture in the rock along which movement has occured.
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Clay is a good example of...
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a impermeable sediment.
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structural traps
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hydrocarbon traps found where geological structures such as folds or faults play a role.
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"updip"
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the tendancy for hydrocarbons to migrate upwards and become trapped against faults.
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stratigraphic traps
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locations in the stratigraphic sequence (layering) of rocks where favorable circumstances, such as changes in rock type, are primed for the formation of a trap.
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pinch-out
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a certain type of hydrocarbon trap yielded when a wedge shaped sl
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salt dome traps are common in...
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the gulf coast region.
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examples of hydrocarbon traps are...
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a. anticlinal trap
b. fault trap c. stratigraphic trap d. pinch-out trap e. salt dome trap f. Reef. trap |
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Isotopes
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atoms of an element whose nuclei have the same atomic number–-the number of protons in the nucleus--but different mass numbers because they contain different numbers of neutrons.
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The number of protons characteristic of an element is known as the __________ of the element.
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atomic number
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the sum of protons and neutron in an atom of any given element is known as ___________.
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the atomic weight
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Uranium minerals contain __% of the isotope ___ and __% of the fissionable isotope ____.
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99.3%...238U, .7%...235U
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In order for nuclear power production in american reactors, the concentration of 235U must be...
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increased form .7% to three to four percent. This process is known as enrichment.
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In a nuclear reactor...
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the uranium atoms in the fuel rods are bombarded with neutrons.
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Uraninite
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a uranium-rich mineral (the cief ore of uranium) with a composition that is largely UO2 (uranium dioxide), but which also contains UO3 and oxides of lead, thorium, and rare earths. It is most commonly known in the variety pitchblende
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Helium was first found...
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in the element uraninite.
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