Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Actualism
|
use of uniformitarianism
|
|
|
|
Uniformatarianism
|
certain natural laws that work now, worked in the past
|
Hutton, Lyell
|
|
|
Catastrophism
|
global flooding caused rock formation
|
Werner
|
|
|
Original Horizontality
|
sediment deposits in a horizontal manner
|
Steno
|
|
|
Superposition
|
undisturbed sediment means bottom rocks are older than top rocks
|
Steno
|
|
|
Lateral Continuity
|
sediment is distributed laterally until it meets an obsturction
|
Steno
|
|
|
Crosscutting Relationship
|
any feature that cuts across a body of rock is younger than than that body of rock; usually igneous cutting
|
|
|
|
Inculsion
|
Any rock included in another rock is older than the rock it is surrounding/ apart of
|
|
|
|
Faunal Succession
|
Fossils in rocks succeed each other in a stratagraphic colum
|
Fossil index/ age grouping
|
|
|
Relative Time
|
comparing age of events to each other
|
|
|
|
Absolute time
|
time measured on a scale
|
uses tree rings, varves (lake sediment), radioactive dating
|
|
|
Time Units
|
refer to the period when sediment began to deposit
|
Late, Middle, Early
|
|
|
Time Rock Units
|
the rocks that were deposited
|
Upper, middle, lower
|
|
|
Noncomformity
|
between underlying igneous/metamorphic and overlying sedimentary
|
unconformity
|
|
|
Angular Unconformity
|
flat lying sediment overlying older/tilted sediment
|
|
|
|
Disconformity
|
between two flat lying sedimentary layer
|
|
|
|
half-life
|
how long it takes for half of the parent isotope to decay into the daughter isotope
|
|
|
|
Alpha Emission
|
nuclueous loses alpha particle
|
|
|
|
Beta Emission
|
nucleous loses beta particle (e-)
|
|
|
|
Electron Capture
|
atom gain electron
|
|
|
|
Carbon 14 to Nitrogen
|
organic material ~100,000 years
|
|
|
|
Uranium dating
|
millions of years
|
|
|
|
K to Ar
|
weathering issues
|
|
|
|
Alpine glacial environments
|
mountain top
|
|
|
|
Continental
|
ice across continents
|
|
|
|
Glacial Till
|
unstratified and poorly sorted
|
|
|
|
morraine
|
pile of sediment at the end of a glacier
|
|
|
|
glacial striations
|
polished linear marks
|
|
|
|
cirque
|
bowl like depression
|
|
|
|
glacial erratic
|
large rocks left behind
|
|
|
|
Desert
|
Sediment is sand
|
|
|
|
Crossbedding
|
migration of dunes
|
|
|
|
Mudcrack
|
dessert environment telling
|
|
|
|
Alluvial fan
|
deposits on the side of a mountain from river
|
|
|
|
Braided river
|
sediment heavy (choked); lots of sand bars
|
common in glacial valleys
|
|
|
Meandering river
|
loopy, migrating river
|
|
|
|
Cutbank
|
meandering feature; outside loop
|
|
|
|
Point bar
|
meandering feature; inside loop with coarse deposit
|
|
|
|
Oxbow lake
|
cut off meanders from flooding
|
|
|
|
floodplains
|
surrounding channel
|
|
|
|
levees
|
beside channel
|
|
|
|
Fining upward sequence
|
particles become finer as you go up in record
|
Walther's Law
|
|
|
Walther's Law
|
any lateral sequence that migrates is represented by a vertical sequence of sediment in the geologic record
|
|
|
|
progradation
|
the way deltas mirgrate seaward
|
|
|
|
Transgression
|
rise/landward shift of sea level; fining upward sequence
|
|
|
|
Regression
|
fall/ seaward shift of shore; coarsening upward sequence
|
|
|
|
Clastic Environment
|
closest to continent; sand, gravel, mud, clay
|
|
|
|
Ooids
|
CaCO3 precipitates, spherical
|
|
|
|
Atoll
|
reef from a collasped volcanoe
|
|
|
|
turbidity current
|
gravity driven flow of sediment dense water; continental slope and turbite deposit
|
one layer of fining upward sequence
|
|
|
Submarine fan
|
produced by underwater weathering
|
|
|
|
Oozes
|
Siliceous or Calcareous dead things
|
|
|
|
Clay
|
tiniest particles
|
|
|
|
CCD
|
conditions are too bad for CaCO3 so all deposition is clay or silica
|
|
