Earth And Space Science

Front 1

Crust

Back 1

Solid plates covering the Earths surface.

Front 2

Mantle

Back 2

Hot, semi-solid rock on which the crust sits and moves

Front 3

Outer Core

Back 3

Liquid iron and nickel

Front 4

Inner Core

Back 4

Spherical, solid center, mostly made of iron and nickel.

Front 5

Tectonic Plates

Back 5

Several large pieces that make up the Earth’s crust.

Landforms, water, all life forms

Front 6

Fault Lines

Back 6

Crust sits on top of the mantle which is only semi-solid the crust slowly shifts around.

Plates interact with one another along boundaries convergent, divergent, Transform

Front 7

Convergent

Back 7

Plate move toward each other and collide.

Formation of mountains, ridges, and volcanoes

Front 8

Divergent

Back 8

Plates move away from each other and separate.

Forms valleys; opens up the ocean floor to create new crust

Front 9

Transform

Back 9

Plates slide next to each other and rub one another.

Earthquakes

Front 10

Igneous

Back 10

Magma cools and hardens

Granite

Front 11

Sedimentary

Back 11

Bits of sediment (small rocks, sand, fossils, shells,etc) are compressed into layered rock over time

Sandstone

Front 12

Metamorphic

Back 12

Any type of rock morphs due to heat and pressure to create a new rock

Marble

Front 13

Weathering

Back 13

Occurs when rock breaks down due to environmental forces such as the weather.

Front 14

Erosion

Back 14

Occurs when broken-down rock is carried away by wind or water.

Example: soil

Front 15

Soil

Back 15

Material that covers much of Earth’s land and allows plants to grow.

Made up of weathered rock, minerals, and organic materials

Example: decomposed plants and animals

Front 16

Rock Cycle

Back 16

Process rocks go through as they are formed, changed, and destroyed.

Hint 16

Front 17

Minerals

Back 17

Naturally-occurring, homogeneous, inorganic (non-living) solids found within the Earth that are characterized by there crystalline structure, color, and hardness

Example:

Amethysts Silver

Diamonds Gypsum

Emeralds Quartz

Gold Talc

Front 18

Geologic History

Back 18

Physical changes the Earth has gone through since it was first formed.

Front 19

Major Time Periods In Earths Geologic History

Back 19

Back (Definition)

Front 20

Geologic Record

Back 20

Earths History is studied by looking at rock layers

Front 21

Law of Superposition

Back 21

The deepest layers of rock formed first and newer layers formed on top.

Front 22

Water Cycle

Back 22

Process by which water moves from the Earth’s surface into the atmosphere and back again.

Front 23

Evaporation

Back 23

Liquid water on the Earth’s surface is warmed and becomes water vapor.

Front 24

Evaporation

Back 24

Liquid water on the Earth’s surface is warmed and becomes water vapor.

Front 25

Condensation

Back 25

Water cools and turns into cloud droplets

Front 26

Precipitation

Back 26

Liquid water falls from clouds in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail

Front 27

Runoff

Back 27

Precipitation that lands on the ground flows to join a larger body of water.

Hint 27

Front 28

Cirrus Cloud

Back 28

Wispy clouds that form at high altitudes; contain ice

Front 29

Cumulus Cloud

Back 29

Fluffy, white clouds that form when warm, moist air is forced upwards

Front 30

Nimbus Clouds

Back 30

Clouds that procedure precipitation

Front 31

Stratus Cloud

Back 31

Low-level clouds in horizontal layers; form when warm, moist air passes over cool air

Front 32

Earth Atmosphere Functions

Back 32

Absorbing energy from the sun

Insulating the Earth, keeping it warm while also protecting it from the suns direct rays.

Recycling water and gases needed to sustain life.

Maintaining the climate

Front 33

Earths Atmosphere Layers

Back 33

Troposphere

Stratosphere

Mesosphere

Thermosphere

Exosphere

Hint 33

Front 34

Troposphere

Back 34

Where life exists and where weather occurs

Front 35

Stratosphere

Back 35

Location of the ozone layer; absorbs ultraviolet radiation

Front 36

Mesosphere

Back 36

Coldest layer of the atmosphere; where meteors entering the atmosphere burn up and become shooting stars

Front 37

Thermosphere

Back 37

Hottest and least dense layer of the atmosphere

Front 38

Thermosphere

Back 38

Hottest and least dense layer of the atmosphere

Front 39

Exosphere

Back 39

Outermost layer; Where satellites orbit

Front 40

Climate

Back 40

The long-term prevailing weather pattern of an area

5 major categories:

Polar-very cold with permanently frozen ground

Temperate-warm, wet summers and cool, dry winters

Continental-Fairly low precipitation and wide temperature variation

Tropical- hot and wet throughout the year

Dry-very little precipitation; wide differences between daytime and nighttime temperatures.