Earth 114 Quiz 1 Study

Front 1

Adapting society to climate change will require action at the state,
national and international level, but..

Back 1

but individuals can make a difference too.

Front 2

anthropogenic

Back 2

: of, relating to, or resulting from the influence of human beings on nature

Front 3

if ice melts on water,

Back 3

it does not raise sea level..level of water will be the same

Front 4

_______ is making the contribution to sea level

Back 4

land ice is making this contribution to sea level...land ice vs. sea ice distinction

Front 5

climate definition

Back 5

the average state of the atmosphere, as measured over
a very long period of time (decades to centuries).

Front 6

weather definition

Back 6

the state of the atmosphere at a specific point in time.
Weather is chaotic and can’t be accurately predicted more than 2
weeks into the future.

Front 7

Climate is ______, weather is ______

Back 7

Climate is what you expect, weather is what you get

Front 8

average temp of AA

Back 8

50 degrees F

Front 9

anomaly definition

Back 9

anomaly is a statistical outlier... any departure from the long term average

Front 10

what is global average temperature

Back 10

It is a single temperature calculated by averaging surface air
temperatures from weather stations all across the Earth.

Front 11

global average air surface temperature

Back 11

1 degree celcius...global average of air surface temperature increase..remember..but not a continuous trend

Front 12

thermometer fun fact

Back 12

thermometer was invented by Farenheit in 1714..englishman in england..at one point only one thermometer in world..celcius came later

Front 13

since heat is not evenly distributed across the earth:

Back 13

local and regional temperature
anomalies must be calculated for a specific time of the year relative to a specific region
to have any meaning (e.g., a hemisphere vs. a continent vs. a city etc.) .

Front 14

antarctica peninsula is

Back 14

the fastest warming place

Front 15

big greenhouse gas that is behind a lot of ampthrogenic global warming and is released when we burn fossil fuels

Back 15

co2

Front 16

higher latitudes are warming much faster than

Back 16

tropics

Front 17

reduction in northern hemisphere

Back 17

sea ice

albedo effect: reflected...ice caps and ice on the earth very reflective..earth reflects 1/3 of solar energy...if you take that away, you absorb more and more energy in the atmosphere...sea ice is being reduced and the water is being absorbed more in the artic summer

Front 18

sea level rise

Back 18

we think +/- a little bit..the current rate of Sea level rise is 3 mm per year...half is from land ice

Front 19

___ are moving

Back 19

biozones

Front 20

earth's global average temp is

Back 20

15
°C
(59
°F).

Front 21

centrigrade to F

Back 21

Degrees C x 1.8 + 32° = Degrees F

Front 22

temperature and definition and stuff

Back 22

Is
a
measure
of
the
average
kine3c
energy
(vibra3onal
bonding
energy)
of
atoms
and
molecules.
• Temperature
is
a
measure
of
how
much
sensible
heat
(average
kine3c
energy)
an
object
has.
It
is
the
heat
that
you
can
feel.
• Heat
energy
is
different
from
Temperature.
Heat
is
transferred
from
place
to
place
through
convec3on,
conduc3on,
and
electromagne3c
radia3on.
• Heat
energy
is
the
total
kine3c
energy
heat
of
a
substance

average is very important

Front 23

solar heating definition

Back 23

Earth’s
surface
is
heated
by
the
Sun

Front 24

electromagnetic radiation definition

Back 24

self-­‐propaga3ng
waves
in
space
that
have
electric
and
magne3c
fields
(i.e.,
light)

Electromagne3c
radia3on
is
a
wave
energy
transfer
across
space
(=
radiant
energy)
that
propagates
at
the
speed
of
light
(c)

•
Induced
by
an
accelera3on
of
electrons
within
atoms
•
Moves
through
vacuum
at
speed
of
light
(c
=
300,000
km/s)
•
Waveform
characterized
by
wavelength
(λ)
and
frequency
(f)
•
Also
characterized
as
photons,
or
quanta
(wave-­‐par3cle
duality
of
light)
•
Frequency
is
inversely
propor3onal
to
wavelength
(measured
in
cycles/sec)

Front 25

electromagnetic spectrum

Back 25

the
total
range
of
energy
of
electromagne3c
radia3on,
expressed
as
wavelength
(λ)
or
frequency
(f)

Front 26

most of the sun's energy is emitted as

Back 26

emitted as shortwave radiation in
the visible light, ultraviolet light, and the near infrared parts
of the electromagnetic spectrum

Front 27

earth's radiation

Back 27

Most of the Earth’s radiation is emitted as longwave radiation back
into space as thermal infrared, but some is temporarily trapped for
longer in the atmosphere by the greenhouse effect

Front 28

planck law

Back 28

describes
the
energy
flow
(in
waMs
per
meter
squared)
emiMed
at
each
wavelength
by
radia3ng
objects
of
a
given
temperature
(the
Earth
emits
at
longer
wavelengths
than
the
Sun)

Front 29

solar constant

Back 29

flips magnetic field? emits a little less or little more energy on cycle..constant! 1370 watts/meter squared..energy hittng earth in upper part of atmosphere

Front 30

greenhouse effect

Back 30

process
by
which
longwave
radia3on
from
Earth’s
surface
is
absorbed
by
atmospheric
greenhouse
gases
and
re-­‐emiMed
back
to
the
surface,
causing
planetary
warming

Front 31

GHGs absorb..

Back 31

GHGs
absorb
longwave
radia3on
from
the
Earth
and
re-­‐emit
it
back
in
all
direc3ons

Front 32

average earth albedo

Back 32

about .3

Front 33

greenhouse gas

Back 33

atmospheric
gas
molecule
that
absorbs
and
re-­‐emits
radiant
energy
in
the
longwave
spectrum