Ears

Front 1

cauliflower ear

Back 1

An ear that is swollen, hardened, and deformed from extravasation of blood following repeated blows. a thickened, deformed pinna and external ear caused by repeated trauma, such as that suffered by boxers. Plastic surgery may be a means of restoring the normal appearance of the ear.

Front 2

Darwin's tubercle

Back 2

a congenital ear condition which often presents as a thickening on the helix at the junction of the upper and middle thirds. The feature is present in approximately 10.4% of the population. This acuminate nodule represents the point of the mammalian ear.

Front 3

Lesion

Back 3

1. A wound or injury.
2. A localized pathological change in a bodily organ or tissue.
3. An infected or diseased patch of skin.

Front 4

keloid

Back 4

A red, raised formation of fibrous scar tissue caused by excessive tissue repair in response to trauma or surgical incision
a hard smooth pinkish raised growth of scar tissue at the site of an injury, tending to occur more frequently in dark-skinned races

Front 5

Tophus

Back 5

1. A deposit of urates in the skin and tissue around a joint or in the external ear, occurring in gout. Also called chalkstone.
2. A concretion of mineral salts and organic matter deposited on the surface of the teeth.

Front 6

Cerumen

Back 6

the soft brownish-yellow wax secreted by glands in the auditory canal of the external ear Nontechnical name earwax

Front 7

Osteoma

Back 7

a benign tumour composed of bone or bonelike tissue. A benign tumor composed of bony tissue, often developing on the skull.

Front 8

otitis externa

Back 8

inflammation of the external ear (including auricle and ear canal)

Front 9

otitis

Back 9

inflammation of the ear

Front 10

bullous meningitis

Back 10

an inflammatory condition of the eardrum, characterized by painful fluid-filled vesicles on the tympanic membrane and the sudden onset of severe pain in the ear. The condition often occurs with bacterial otitis media. Treatment includes administration of antibiotics and analgesics and surgical draining of the vesicles.

Front 11

Meningitis -bullous myringitis

Back 11

a form of viral otitis media in which serous or hemorrhagic blebs appear on the tympanic membrane and often on the adjacent wall of the auditory meatus Inflammation of the tympanic membrane. Also called tympanitis.

Front 12

Cholesteatoma

Back 12

a cystic mass composed of epithelial cells and cholesterol that is found in the middle ear and occurs as a congenital defect or as a serious complication of chronic otitis media. The mass may occlude the middle ear, or enzymes produced by it may destroy the adjacent bones, including the ossicles. Surgery is required to remove a cholesteatoma

Front 13

Otitis Media

Back 13

Otitis media is an infection of the middle ear space, behind the eardrum (tympanic membrane). It is characterized by pain, dizziness, and partial loss of hearing.

Front 14

Rin·ne test

Back 14

a test for determining a subject's ability to hear a vibrating tuning fork when it is held next to the ear and when it is placed on the mastoid process with diminished hearing acuity through air and somewhat heightened hearing acuity through bone being symptomatic of conduction deafness

Front 15

Presbycusis

Back 15

a lessening of hearing acuteness resulting from degenerative changes in the ear that occur especially in old age

Front 16

sensor neural

Back 16

of, relating to, or involving the aspects of sense perception mediated by nerves, sensorineural hearing loss

Front 17

Weber test

Back 17

a test to determine the nature of unilateral hearing loss in which a vibrating tuning fork is held against the forehead at the midline and conduction deafness is indicated if the sound is heard more loudly in the affected ear and nerve deafness is indicated if it is heard more loudly in the normal ear

Front 18

goiter

Back 18

an enlargement of the thyroid gland that is commonly visible as a swelling of the anterior part of the neck, that often results from insufficient intake of iodine and then is usually accompanied by hypothyroidism, and that in other cases is associated with hyperthyroidism usually together with toxic symptoms and exophthalmos -- called also struma

Front 19

Hum

Back 19

a sound like that made by humming; especially : VENOUS HUM. a humming sound sometimes heard during auscultation of the veins of the neck especially in anemia

Front 20

Hyperthyroidism

Back 20

excessive functional activity of the thyroid gland; also : the resulting condition marked especially by increased metabolic rate, enlargement of the thyroid gland, rapid heart rate, and high blood pressure -- called also thyrotoxicosis -- see GRAVES' DISEASE

Front 21

Hypothyroidism

Back 21

deficient activity of the thyroid gland; also : a resultant bodily condition characterized by lowered metabolic rate and general loss of vigor

Front 22

Struma-

Back 22

Formerly, any enlargement of a tissue.
Synonyms: goiter

Front 23

thyroiditis

Back 23

Inflammation of the thyroid gland.

Front 24

torticollis

Back 24

A contraction, or shortening, of the muscles of the neck, chiefly those supplied by the accessory nerve (NXI); the head is drawn to one side and usually rotated so that the chin points to the other side.

Front 25

inflammation

Back 25

The response of tissue to injury or infection. Pain, heat, redness, and swelling are the four basic symptoms of inflammation.

Front 26

edema

Back 26

An excessive accumulation of serous fluid in tissue spaces or a body cavity.

Front 27

infection

Back 27

Invasion by and multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms in a bodily part or tissue, which may produce subsequent tissue injury and progress to overt disease through a variety of cellular or toxic mechanisms

Front 28

retraction

Back 28

an act or instance of retracting; specifically : backward or inward movement of an organ or part <retraction of the nipple or skin overlying the tumor

Front 29

serous otitis media

Back 29

a form of otitis media that is characterized by the accumulation of serous exudate in the middle ear and that typicallyresults from an unresolved attack of acute otitis media called also secretory otitis media

Front 30

conduction

Back 30

The transmission or conveying of something through a medium or passage, especially the transmission of electric charge or heat through a conducting medium without perceptible motion of the medium itself.

Front 31

myringitis

Back 31

Inflammation of the tympanic membrane. Also called tympanitis.

Front 32

bruit

Back 32

A sound, especially an abnormal one, heard in auscultation

Front 33

thrill

Back 33

an abnormal fine tremor or vibration in the respiratory or circulatory systems felt on palpation

Front 34

Virchow's node

Back 34

(or signal node) is an enlarged, hard, left supraclavicular lymph node which can contain metastasis of visceral (abdominal) malignancy.

Front 35

amblyopia

Back 35

dimness of sight especially in one eye without apparent change inthe eye structures called also lazy eye

Front 36

myringitis

Back 36

Inflammation of the tympanic membrane. Also called tympanitis.

Front 37

bruit

Back 37

A sound, especially an abnormal one, heard in auscultation

Front 38

thrill

Back 38

an abnormal fine tremor or vibration in the respiratory or circulatory systems felt on palpation

Front 39

Virchow's node

Back 39

(or signal node) is an enlarged, hard, left supraclavicular lymph node which can contain metastasis of visceral (abdominal) malignancy.

Front 40

amblyopia

Back 40

dimness of sight especially in one eye without apparent change inthe eye structures called also lazy eye

Front 41

.Amblyopia

Back 41

reduction or dimness of vision that in which there is no apparent pathologic condition of the eye.

Front 42

Anisometropia

Back 42

condition in which refractive power of the eyes is unequa

Front 43

Anopia

Back 43

tendency of the eye to turn upward, congenital absence of one or both eyes

Front 44

Arcus senilis

Back 44

opaque white ring about periphery of the cornea, seen in aged persons. Due to deposit of fat granules in cornea or to hyaline degeneration.

Front 45

Astigmatism

Back 45

form of ametropia, in which the refraction of a ray of light is spread over a diffuse area rather than being sharply focused on the retina.

Front 46

Brushfield’s spots

Back 46

gray or pale yellow spots sometimes present at the periphery of the iris of children with Down’s syndrome.

Front 47

Cataract

Back 47

opacity of lens of eye or its capsule or both. Varieties are capsular, polar, lamellar, nuclear, cortical, morgagnian, congenital, infantile, traumatic, diabetic, and senile.

Front 48

Chorioretinitis

Back 48

inflammation of choroids and retina.

Front 49

Ciliary injection

Back 49

Injections of fluid, air into the ciliary space.

Front 50

Coloboma

Back 50

a lesion or defect of the eye, usually a fissure or cleft of the iris, ciliary body or choroids.

Front 51

Conjunctivitis

Back 51

inflammation of conjunctive

Front 52

Corneal scar

Back 52

The scraping/scarring of the outer layers of the cornea.

Front 53

Cotton wool patches

Back 53

(spot) the appearance of the retina in certain conditions including hypertension and other diseases.

Front 54

Diplopia

Back 54

double vision may be monocular.

Front 55

Drusen bodies

Back 55

small, hyaline, globular pathological growths formed on optic papilla or ondescemet’s membrane.

Front 56

Emmetropia

Back 56

normal condition of the eye in refraction in which, when the eye is at rest, parallel rays focus exactly on the retina.

Front 57

Esotropia

Back 57

marked turning inward of eye, crossed eyes.

Front 58

Exophthalmos

Back 58

abnormal protrusion of eyeball. May be due to thyrotoxicosis, tumor of the orbit, orbital cellulites, leukemia, or aneurysm.

Front 59

Exotropia

Back 59

divergent strabismus, abnormal turning of one or both eyes outward.

Front 60

Glaucoma

Back 60

disease of eye characterized by increase in intraocular pressure, which results in atrophy of optic nerve and blindness.

Front 61

Hard exudates

Back 61

A accumulation of fat, fluid or matter with the cavity

Front 62

Hyperopia/hypermetropia

Back 62

farsightedness. Defect in vision in which parallel rays come to a focus behind the retina due to flattening of the globe of the eye or to error in refraction.

Front 63

Hypertelorism

Back 63

abnormal width between two paired organs, esp. the eyes.

Front 64

Hypotelorism

Back 64

decreased distance between organs, esp. the eyes

Front 65

Intraocular pressure (IOP):

Back 65

The internal pressure of the eye, regulated by resistance to the flow of aueous houmor.

Front 66

Kayser-Fleisher rings

Back 66

a hereditary syndrome transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait in which a decrease of ceruloplasmin produces accumulation of copper in various organs.

Front 67

Myopia

Back 67

defect in vision in which parallel rays come to focus in front of the retina; objects can only be seen distinctly when very close to the eyes.

Front 68

Nystagmus

Back 68

constant, involuntary, cyclical movement of the eyeball. Movement may be in any direction.

Front 69

Periorbital:

Back 69

surrounding the socket of the eye.

Front 70

Pinguecula

Back 70

yellowish thickening of bulbar conjunctiva, triangular in shape, on inner and outer margins of the cornea.

Front 71

Presbyopia

Back 71

defect of vision in advancing age involving loss of accommodation or recession of near point. Due to loss of elasticity of crystalline lens.

Front 72

Pterygium

Back 72

triangular thickening of bulbar conjunctiva extending from inner canthus to border of the cornea with apex toward pupil.

Front 73

Strabismus

Back 73

disorder of eye in which optic axescannot be directed to same object

Front 74

.Subconjunctival hemorrhage:

Back 74

39Hemorrhage around the conjunctive space.

Front 75

Trachoma

Back 75

a chronic contagious form of conjunctivitis, noted by hypertrophy of conjunctiva and formation of follicles with subsequent cicatricial changes.

Front 76

Blepharitis

Back 76

ulcerative or nonulcerative inflammation of the edges of the eyelids involving hair follicles and glands that open onto the surface.

Front 77

Blepharospasm

Back 77

a twitching or spasmodic contraction of the orbicularis oculi muscle due to habit spasm, eyestrain, or nervous irritability.

Front 78

Chalazion

Back 78

small, hard tumor analogous to sebaceous cyst developing on the eyelids, formed by distention of a meibomian gland with secretion.

Front 79

Coloboma:

Back 79

a lesion or defect of the eye, usually a fissure or cleft of the iris, ciliary body or choroids.

Front 80

Dacryocystitis

Back 80

inflammation of the tear sac involving mucous membrane of the lacrimal sac with submucous membrane, which later extends to connective tissue, surrounding it with resulting cellulites.

Front 81

Ectropion

Back 81

eversion of an edge or margin, as the edge of an eyelid

Front 82

.Edema

Back 82

a local or generalized condition in which the body tissues contain an excessive amount of tissue fluid. Generalized edema is sometimes called dropsy.

Front 83

Entropion

Back 83

inversion or turning inward of an edge esp. the margin of the lower eyelid.

Front 84

Hordeolum

Back 84

inflammation of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid.

Front 85

Lid Lag

Back 85

The lagging of the eye lids due to weakness

Front 86

Palpebral fissures

Back 86

the openings between the eyelids.

Front 87

Ptosis

Back 87

dropping or drooping of an organ or part, as the upper eyelid from paralysis, or the visceral organs from weakness of the abdominal muscles.

Front 88

Xanthelasma

Back 88

flat or slightly raised yellowish tumor occurring in elderly persons, sound most frequently on the upper and lower lids, esp. near the inner canthus.

Front 89

Phthiriasis

Back 89

condition of being infested with lice

Front 90

Adie’s pupil

Back 90

A syndrome characterized by a tonic pupil that responds slowly or not at all to light, accompanied by slow constriction and relaxation in the change from near to distant vision, and impaired accommodation. The affected pupil is frequently larger than the normal pupil. Loss of certain deep tendon reflexes may also be present but there are no other signs.

Front 91

Anisocoria

Back 91

inequality of the size of the pupils; may be congenital or associated with aneurysms, head trauma, diseases of the nervous system, brain lesion, paresis, or locomotors ataxia.

Front 92

Argyll Robertson pupil

Back 92

More properly the name of a symptom often present in paralysis and locomotors ataxia, in which the light reflex is absent but there is no change in the power of contraction during accommodation. Usually bilateral.

Front 93

Blindness

Back 93

anacrusis; loss of sight.

Front 94

Horner’s syndrome

Back 94

Contraction of the pupil, partial ptosis of the eyelid, exophthalmoses, and sometimes loss of sweating over the affected side of the face. Due to paralysis of the cervical sympathetic nerve trunk.

Front 95

Hyphema

Back 95

blood in the anterior chamber of the eye, in front of the iris

Front 96

Hypopyon:

Back 96

pus in anterior chamber of the eye in front of iris but behind cornea, seen in corneal ulcer.

Front 97

Miosis

Back 97

abnormal contraction of the pupils.

Front 98

Mydriasis

Back 98

pronounced or abnormal dilation of the pupil

Front 99

Consensual

Back 99

reflex stimulation of one part or side as the result of excitation of another part or opposite side.

Front 100

Extraocular movements (EOMs):

Back 100

outside the eye, as in extraoccular eye muscles.

Front 101

Ishihara plates

Back 101

Plates with round dots in a variety of colors and patterns. Use in vision testing.

Front 102

Snellen chart

Back 102

chart imprinted with lines of black letters graduating in size from smallest on the bottom to largest on top used for testing visual acuity