Early Vertebrates/fish

Front 1

Myxini

Back 1

Class of Chordata containing Hagfishes

Front 2

Systemic Heart

Back 2

Heart located behind the gills, serves as the main heart (hagfish)

Front 3

Portal Heart

Back 3

Pumps blood from the gut through the liver to the Systemic Heart

Front 4

Cardinal Hearts

Back 4

Two hearts which pump blood from the head region toward the systemic heart

Front 5

Caudal Hearts

Back 5

Paired hearts near the end of the tail which help move blood when hagfish is not swimming

Front 6

Petromyzontida

Back 6

Class of Chordata containing Lampreys

Front 7

Anadromous

Back 7

Marine form of Lampreys

Front 8

Ammocoete

Back 8

Lamprey larva which undergoes metamorphosis in sediment

Front 9

Chondrichthyes

Back 9

Class of Chordata containing cartilaginous fishes

Front 10

Holocephalii

Back 10

Subclass of Chordata containing Chimeras

Front 11

Operculum

Back 11

Gill covering structure in bony fishes and chimeras

Front 12

Osteichthyes

Back 12

Class of Chordata containing bony fishes

Front 13

Actinopterygii

Back 13

class of Ray-Finned fish

Front 14

Sacropterygii

Back 14

class of Lobe-Finned fish

Front 15

Fusiform

Back 15

descriptive of Shark bodies, tapering towards both ends

Front 16

Placoid Scale

Back 16

Type of scale found in cartilaginous fishes

Front 17

Neuromast

Back 17

Cluster of sense cells on the surface of skin which is sensitive to vibratory stimuli and water

Front 18

Heterocercal Tail

Back 18

Tail with the upper lobe longer than the lower lobe (sharks have this)

Front 19

Spiral Valve

Back 19

Feature of shark intestine which elongates the digestive tract and surface area for absorption

Front 20

Rectal Gland

Back 20

Secretes fluid with a high concentration of sodium chloride, aids in osmoregulation (Sharks)

Front 21

Oviparous

Back 21

Reproduction in which eggs are released by the female

Front 22

Capsule (Mermaid's Purse)

Back 22

Yolk sac released by mother which feeds young until they emerge as little adults

Front 23

Ovoviviparous

Back 23

Reproduction in which eggs develop inside the body without further nourishment being provided by the mother

Front 24

Viviparous

Back 24

Reproduction in which eggs develop inside the female body, which provides nutritional aid

Front 25

Placenta

Back 25

Vascular structure through which embryo is nourished (through mother) during development

Front 26

Endochondral Bone

Back 26

Bone which replaces cartilage developmentally

Front 27

Swim Bladder

Back 27

Gas-filled sac in many bony fishes used for buoyancy and in some cases gas exchange

Front 28

Cycloid Scales

Back 28

Thin, overlapping dermal scales of some fish

Front 29

Ctenoid Scales

Back 29

Thin, overlapping dermal scales of some fish (have fine, toothlike spines)

Front 30

Homocercal Tail

Back 30

Tail with the upper and lower lobes symmetrical

Front 31

Teleosts

Back 31

Most modern bony fishes fall under this clade

Front 32

Myomeres

Back 32

zig-zag muscle segment of a fish's trunk musculature. Functions in locomotion.

Front 33

Squalene

Back 33

Hydrocarbon found in the liver oil of sharks, provides buoyancy

Front 34

Gas Gland

Back 34

Functions in adding gas to the swim bladder, causes hemoglobin to release oxgen which is diffused into the swim bladder

Front 35

Ovale

Back 35

System of blood vessels connecting to swim bladder which diffuses gas from bladder into blood

Front 36

Ram Ventilation

Back 36

Swimming with mouth open in order to increase water flow to gills

Front 37

Hyperosmotic Regulation

Back 37

Regulation which aims to keep salt concentration in body high

Front 38

Hypoosmotic Regulation

Back 38

Regulation which aims to keep salt concentration in body low (salt water fish)