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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How did Peter reform his army personnel?
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•Began by disbanding the Streltsy and making the guards the new nucleus
•Numbers were increased by the application of more systematic conscription (1720's- 200,000) •Problem with Peters decrees on recruitment which virtually ensured that peasant conscripts were swallowed up into the army for life •Army reached 100,000- 22 regiments of 1,000 •Landowners were ordered to provide one footsoilder for each group of 50 peasants • Conscripts were for life •300,000 men |
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How did Peter reform his army weapons and resources?
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•Simple and functional uniform
•More modern weapons •Peter gave a much needed impetus to the development of the Russian artillery •Equipped with muskets •32 new infantry •Growth of artillery, 4,000 cannons |
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How did Peter reform his army organisation and training?
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•The co-ordination fire of platoons and the more regular use by cavalry units of charges
•Western style units •Increase and created more taxes |
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Why judgement did Peter gain on his changes?- To the army
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•Dukes argues the army shouldn't have left the army in the hands of this father when he left
•Peters reforms were not uniformly effective e.g. failure in 1711 •The military changes were responsible for the establishment of the new administration structure •Peters reforms were sweeping and fundamental •Micheal Roberts 'lead to streamlining and development' •Jeremy Black doubts this- military changes, they say was the consequence not a cause of development |
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How did Peter reform his navy personnel?
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•Naval academy and such schools were made to train potential soldiers
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How did Peter reform his navy weapons and resources?
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•1695 followed moths or intensive ship building
•By the end of the reign the size of the fleet had grown to 800 galleys and 48 ships •Six and a quarter million roubles was spent on building the naval base, the admiralty was responsible for the exploitation and processing of navel materials like timber •Rise in the amount of guns •Improvement in weaponry •Advances to tactics and in weapon techniques •modern weapons |
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How did Peter reform his navy organisation and training?
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•1695 Peters main occupation during the Great Embassy was accompanying himself with new techniques of navel construction at Zaandam and Deptford
•Built schools and academies to train future soldiers and commanders •Peter started ship building in 1660s •Landowners had to supply ships •Expenditure rose •Recruited more foreigners •Specialized training for potential serving officers |
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Why judgement did Peter gain on his changes?- To the navy
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•Peters changes were responsible for the gains against Turkey, even though they were later lost by the failure of the army
•It was the navy that ensured the collapse of Sweden's empire •In short the navy enabled Peter to adopt a more global strategy and extend the range of conflict. e.g. Treaty of Nystadt 1721 •Anderson argues the achievements were not sustained, when Peter died it declined rapidly •However Catherine the great was able to repeat what Peter did but to the Black sea |
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Where the reforms a benefit or a burden?
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Benefit-
•Economical factors e.g trade • Territorial gain • Intellectual stimulus •Administrative service e.g war schools Burden- •Supply the army- food • Boarder on the ordinary person •Cost, couldn't afford • Peasants forced to flee because of conscription •Links with above- Tax burden |
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Why did Peter promote Russian industrial development?
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•Wanted Russia to become self sufficient
•Encourage the spirit of enterprise •Become more westernized •Become known-a superpower |
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How did Peter promote Russian industrial development?
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Make this card- use book to help-numbers
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How successful were PTG financial reforms by 1725?
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Successful-
•Soul tax would pay for the upkeep of the army •Revenue (Amount Peter gets) increased •Became a big iron producer- gave money ---> •Exports ---> •Any could trade Not successful- •Taxes were a burden to the people •30% did not reach the state treasury •Ran out of money, salaries were cut 25% 1723 in wages •Not being able to afford Catherine a present •Unable to persuade John Law |
