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189 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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who crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor?
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Pope Leo III
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why was Charlemagne crowned holy roman emperor?
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he helped Pope Leo when the Romans rebelled
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What was Charlemagne's reaction to his crowning?
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He was not happy about it, but did not refuse
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How did the climate change in Europe in the eighth century?
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it became warmer and dryer
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for whom was the carolingian empire named?
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Charles the great (Charlemagne)
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How extensive was the Carolingian empire?
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Very large, but only had about an 8000 men army
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what role did Einhard have under Charlemagne?
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he was his biographer
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what impact did Charlemagne have upon the Saxons an the Avars?
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converted them to christianity
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which 19th century emperor matched the extent of Charlemagne's empire?
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Napoleon
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upon whom did Charlemagne depend on in his administration?
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the royal estates
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what were royal estates?
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portions of land owned by the nobles
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who were the Margraves?
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dangerous border district officials
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what was the purpose of the missi dominici?
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insured that counts were executing the King's wishes
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why was it difficult to administer the empire?
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it was too large
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what did Charlemagne create to reform the church?
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new bishoprics and archbishoprics
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who claimed that Charlemagne had created the "Kingdom of Europe?"
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a monk
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Was Charlemagne's empire....
Roman? Holy? Empire? |
None of them!
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What was the date of Charlemagne's coronation?
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December 25, 800
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What learning did Charlemagne revive?
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Classical studies and Latin Culture
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what were the scriptoria?
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writing rooms
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Why did european scholars stop using Papyrus?
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it was no longer obtainable because egypt became muslim
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how much parchment was needed to make a bible?
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a herd of sheep
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whom did Einhard call " greatest scholar of that day?"
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Alcuin
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why was the palace school created?
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to promote the learning of noblemen's children
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what was the burgundian law concerning hospitality for travelers?
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households were open to any travelers or they had to pay a fine
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what did medieval physicians stress for caring for the sick?
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use of medicinal herbs
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what treaty divided the Carolingian empire?
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Treaty of Verdun
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Who were the 3 sons of Charlemagne that took over the empires?
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Charles the Bald
Louis the German Lothar |
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What land did each son take over?
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Charles ----> Western Frankish
Louis -----> eastern Lothar -----> Middle kingdom |
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Who were the 3 major invaders of the empire in the 9th and 10th century?
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Muslims
Magyars Vikings |
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which group of invaders built sea bases on Africa, Spain, and Southern Gaul, threatened Rome, invaded sicily, and defeated the Carolingian defense?
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The muslims
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which group of invaders moved west, was crushed at the battle of Lechfeld, converted to christianity, and established Hungary?
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The Magyars
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Which group of invaders led the most devastating attacks, came from everywhere, and settled in Kiev?
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The vikings
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What was the biggest factor in bringing about the disintegration of the Carolingian Empire?
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Divisions and invasions
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what was the main source of the vassalage system?
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military system
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What brought about the system of Vassalage?
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age of invasion
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How would you describe knighthood?
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becoming a man
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What is the definition of homage?
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loyalty to Suzerein
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What was a fief?
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piece of land given for loyalty and homage
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what was subinfeudation?
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-more and more decentralization
-many vassals+vassals of vassals |
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what were the mutual obligations of fiefholding?
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provided military support ad fiefs
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Were fiefs inheritable?
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no, suzereins controlled them
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Which medieval figure was the saxon king of germany, invaded the magyars, and christianized the slavs and scandanavians?
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Otto I
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What important role did Hugh Capet play in French History?
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-dynasty lasted for 200 yrs
-situated in paris -weak |
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Why was Alfred the Great, great?
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-defeated Danish Army
-made peace with Danes -believed in education -King of Wessex (England) |
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what percent of people in the middle ages worked the land?
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90 %
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Who was responsible for the Golden age of the Byzantine Empire?
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Michael III
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Which type of Slavs were polish and bohemian and were christianized?
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western slavs
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which type of slavs were eastern orthodox christians and made their own Slavic bible?
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Southern slavs
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Which type of slavs were russian and Ukatan and fought off the vikings?
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Eastern Slavs
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How did William Fitz-Stephen describe London in the 12th century?
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-one of the noble cities of the world
-good air quality -good health -christian values -defenses -Men(honorable) women (modest) |
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how did global warming affect life from 1000 to 1300?
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-longer and better growing seasons
-population grew -increase in food production |
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What great changes occurred in the New agricultural period?
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-production increased
-expansion -iron availability -new plow -wind and water mills -2-3 field system |
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how would you describe the 3 fields system?
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IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII |
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during the revival of trade which people traded between the muslim and christian worlds?
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the italians
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which 2 italian cities played a leading role in the revival of trade?
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Genoa and Pisa
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How far from Europe did some traders travel?
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India and China
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For what reasons did Flanders become a great trading center?
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-produced wool cloth
-location at north sea |
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Why were the Champagne fairs so successful?
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conducted regularly (7 times a year)
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What circumstances led to the growth of medieval towns?
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revival of trade
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deine the term :Burgher
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citizen
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why were some serfs running from the manors to the towns?
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because if they stayed and worked in the towns for a year, they were free
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what were communes? and where did they first appear in Europe?
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-town associations
-first appeared in Italy |
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describe the city governments in medieval towns.
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-kept close watch over city
-ruled by city counselors -had a mayor cared for the welfare of ppl Gills ran the town |
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What tribes mainly lived during the medieval times?
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germanic
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what was the most powerful germanic tribe?
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Franks
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who was the king of the franks?
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merovious
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those who followed merovious were called...
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merovingians
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who was the other king of the franks?
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Clovis
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who was the first merovingian to become a christian?
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clovis
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who, while in battle, prayed to the christian god and wins the battle?
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Clovis
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who became the powerful protector of the Pope/Church?
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Clovis
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What were the merovingian kings called and why?
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the do nothing kings, because they did nothing
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Who was chosen as the mayor of the palace?
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Charles Martel
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The merovingian kingdom was threatened by which group of muslims?
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Moors
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Who fought and defeated the Moors?
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Charles Martel
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what was the date of the battle of tours?
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732
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Who was Charles Martel's son?
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Pepin the Short
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What title did Pepin want instead of mayor of palace?
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King
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Who made the Pope tell the citizens to make him king for protection?
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Pepin
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Which Pope made a deal with Pepin the Short?
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Pope Zachary
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Which Pope writes a letter to Peppin asking for protection from the Lombards?
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Pope Stephen II
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the domination of peppin was given to which pope and taken from what group of people?
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given to Pope Stephen II, taken from Lombards
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what was the domination of peppin called when divided into parts?
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papal states
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Pope Stephen II loses the land given to him by Peppin in what year(s)?
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1870-71
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The Pope is also known as the what?
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secular leader
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What was the name of Peppin's son?
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Charles.. Charles the Great... Charlemagne
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whom looked up to Charlemagne and called himself Charlemagne?
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Napoleon
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The Carolingian dynasty started with... ?
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Peppin
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What held people together before Charlemagne?
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the church
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Who was called the "ultimate frank"
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Charlemagne
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Which Pope writes a letter to Peppin asking for protection from the Lombards?
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Pope Stephen II
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the domination of peppin was given to which pope and taken from what group of people?
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given to Pope Stephen II, taken from Lombards
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what was the domination of peppin called when divided into parts?
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papal states
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Pope Stephen II loses the land given to him by Peppin in what year(s)?
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1870-71
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The Pope is also known as the what?
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secular leader
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What was the name of Peppin's son?
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Charles.. Charles the Great... Charlemagne
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whom looked up to Charlemagne and called himself Charlemagne?
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Napoleon
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The Carolingian dynasty started with... ?
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Peppin
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What held people together before Charlemagne?
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the church
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Who was called the "ultimate frank"
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Charlemagne
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Which Pope invited Charlemagne to celebrate christmas in Rome?
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Pope Leo III
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What are the 4 problems with the Holy Roman Empire?
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1. too big to cover effectively
2. not roman 3. not holy 4. not empire |
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Who said that the Holy Roman Empire was not holy, roman, or an empire?
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voltaire
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Who dismantled the Holy Roman Empire in 1806?
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napoleon
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which group had problems with Charlemagne and were driven to England by him?
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Saxons
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What group was closely related to Turks; came from mongolia; and moved into europe?
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Avars
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The missi dominici were made of what 2 types of men?
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1.landlord
2.church official |
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What was the territory of the Bishop called?
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Bishopric
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What was the territory of the archbishop called/
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archbishopric
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Whom was the emporess of the Byzantine Empire?
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Irene
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Which Pepe wanted to marry Irene and Charlemagne so that he would rule over all?
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Pope Leo III
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What were the only 2 classical civilizations?
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Roman and Greek
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What event began and ended with Charlemagne?
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Carolingian Renaisssance
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Whom led the great revival of learning in the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of North Umbria?
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Alcuin
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Who was the son of Charlemagne?
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Louis the Pius
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What is the definition of: pius
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one who devotes life to praying and God
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Which one of Charlemagne's sons was the most powerful?
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Lothar
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From where did the muslims come from?
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south
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From where did the magyars come from?
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West
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Which group of invaders took over Spain?
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Muslims
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what was feudalization?
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decentralization of authority
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What were the 3 systems of feudalism?
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Military
Political social |
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What are the 5 parts of the social pyramid?
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King
Suzereins vassals peasants serfs |
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who ran the fiefdom?
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lord (suzerein)
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What types of stores were located in the manor?
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church,houses, mills, shops,
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What were the 3 parts of feudalism?
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1.Those who fought
2.those who prayed 3.those who worked |
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What were the 3 causes of feudalism in the middle ages?
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1.invasion
2.division 3.no central government |
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serfs are required to....
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1.stay on land unless approval by the lord to leave
2.have to work 1 or 2 days in shop 3.lord gets some of their crops |
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could serfs buy freedom?
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yes
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In return for protection of their families.. serfs were asked...
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to fight for the lord
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How did they deal with criminals in medieval cities?
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They would be punished based on the crime.
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What was the relative size of the cities?
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relatively small
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How did the people deal with the lack of space in the cities?
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addd stories to the houses
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what dominated the urban skyline?
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cathedrals
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what was a craft guild?
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shops where products were made by master craftsmen
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what was a merchant guild?
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a shop that sold handmade crafts to different cities for the craftsmen
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describe the physical environment of the medieval cities?
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dirty, unorganized, crowded
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How was garbage collected?
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citizens were required to pick up garbage and throw it outside the town
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what caused water pollution?
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butchering shops dumping their waste
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what was the source of drinking water?
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wells
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why did paris restrict the use of their public bath system?
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afraid that men and women would see each other
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What ended the use of the public bath system in paris?
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the plague
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how did limited space in the towns affect houses?
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they were taller
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what was an apprentice?
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a 10 yr old boy whom worked for a master craftsmen for 5-7 yrs and eventually became a craftsmen
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what standards did craft guilds establish for their members?
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high quality
number of apprentices number of yomen charge |
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what was the domestic system?
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people worked from home and produced things by hand
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who was primarily responsible for medieval education?
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The Clergy (especially monks)
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What was the significance of the University of Bologna?
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first full university in Europe
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What was the university of Salerno?
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first medical school in italy
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what was the original meaning of the word universititas?
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guild or corporation
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for what offense were teachers fired?
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not attending class or starting a lesson late
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which was established first? university of Oxford? or Paris?
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Paris
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What was the traditional curriculum of the universities?
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Liberal Arts
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Describe the disturbances that arose in the universities.
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violence
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Who was the greatest authority on aristotle in that day?
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Ibn-Rushd
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What did Abelard mean by saying "By doubting we come to inquiry, through inquiry comes the truth?"
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That you need to question things to find if they are true
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What was the basic issue involved in the problem of the universals ?
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What constitutes reality
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How did this concept regard all knowledge?
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knowledge comes from the creator
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what did Thomas Aquinas hope to reconcile?
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Faith and reason
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of what did european law comprise?
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germanic codes, feudal customs, and urban regulations
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Describe Roman architecture
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late roman style, large pillars, heavy walls and barrels
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What has been called the greatest artistic triumphs of the high middle ages?
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gothic
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What is the great cathedral in paris that expressed gothic architecture?
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Notre-Dame
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Suger was the abbot of what great monastery?
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Abbey church of Saint Denis
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In what way was the construction of cathedrals competitive?
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battle to build higher tower
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Which people held prisoners for ransom?
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sumerians
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list the stages of becoming a knight...
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1.manners with lady
2.trained with squire 3.joust tournament |
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ALL LORDS COULD BECOME....
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knights
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which great lord brought back abbots and bishops?
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Otto I
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What was the crossroads of travel?
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paris
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Which family kept having son after son and kept the peace?
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Hugh Capet
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who fought the Danes and won?
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Alfred the great
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The slavs were from which 4 places?
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Russia
poland romania belarusch |
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What was the name of the slavanic language?
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Cyrillic
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Which dynasty were descendants of Muhammad's uncle?
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Abbasad
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Which two places did islam not control?
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spain and northwest africa
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The expansion of islam broke down barriers between...
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the arabs and non arabs
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Who was the most famous trader in China?
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Marco Polo
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Where is present day flanders?
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belgum
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what were the two leading trade cities?
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ghent and bruges
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how many people were in a relatively large city?
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5,000
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How many people are in London?
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80,000
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The Age of Faith began with what cathedral?
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Chartres
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Most merchants were...
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Jewish
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What subject was GALEN a master in?
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human and animal anatomy
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what subject was HIPPOCRATES a master in?
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Medicine (Code of medicine)
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wat subject was PTOLEMY a master in?
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geography and astronomy
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what subject was EUCLID a master in?
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math
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