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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Language
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An agreed-on communication system.
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Expressive Language
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The sender of a message to “encode” or to put his/her thoughts into symbolic form.
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Receptive Language
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The receiver of a message to “decode” or unlock the code of the spoken or written communication used by the sender in order to understand the message.
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Phonology
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A part of language that refers to sounds in speech.
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Prosody
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features in a spoken language such as intonation, stress, and junction.
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Intonation
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How someone’s vocal pitch rises or falls when speaking.
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Stress
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The intensity off the speech.
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Juncture
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The slight pauses between parts of spoken words or words.
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Rime
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The vowel sound and the other sounds that follow.
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Onset
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All the sounds that come before the vowel sound.
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Phoneme
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The smallest unit off sound in a spoken language, that can change the meaning of a word.
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Phonemic awareness
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the ability of young children to be aware of phonemes in spoken words, as well as alphabet letters and their associated sounds.
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Orthography
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Spelling Patterns used in English that links together letters to sounds in the spoken language.
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Grapheme
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Printed or visual symbol like a letter that represents a phoneme.
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Alphabetic principle
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Critical insight that young children must achieve in learning to read and write.
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Phonics
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The relationship between letters and sounds.
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Morphology
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Breaking words apart in order to study structures that create meaning.
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Morpheme
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A word that cannot be broken down farther while still having a meaning.
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Syntax
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Understanding how words are combined into larger language structures.
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Grammar
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A rule system for describing the structure or organization of a language.
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Semantics
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Connecting one’s background experiences, knowledge, interests, attitudes, and perspectives with spoken or written language to construct meaning.
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Schema theory
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New knowledge is connected to related ideas one already knows.
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Pragmatics
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Knowing how language works and is used in one’s culture.
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Dialect
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Speech variation associated with various geographic regions or ethnic groups.
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Behaviorist theory
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Infants learn oral language from other human role models through a process involving stimulation/modeling, imitation rewards, punishment, and practice.
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Innatist theory
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Language learning is natural for human beings.
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Constructivist theory
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Language development is linked to cognitive development.
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Social Interactionist theory
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Language development is greatly influenced by physical, social, and of course, linguistic factors.
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Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
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The difference between what a child can do alone and in collaboration with others.
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Internalization
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A three-stage process that learners use to learn things like reading and writing.
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Mean Length of utterance (MLU)
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The average number of words spoken in a statement.
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Forms of language
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Vocabulary, verb tense, pars of speech, and sentence structure.
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Language fluency
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Varying the ways oral language can be used.
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Dialogic reading
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An interactive reading of a picture book used between a parent and child.
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Electronic talking books (ETB)
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A way to make read a louds more available to students.
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