Early Greece

Front 1

What was the political structure of Mycenea

Back 1

Unified political structure.

Front 2

What was the war between Mycenea and Asia minor called

Back 2

Trojan war.

Front 3

What literary work was this war the basis of?

Back 3

The Iliad and the Odyssey

Front 4

What is the legendary reason for this war?

Back 4

It was allegedly a war over Helen, a woman who was kidnapped by the Trojans from king Agamemnon. It was a war over love.

Front 5

What is the real historical reason for the Trojan war?

Back 5

Troy was a very rich trade city, and it is believed that the war was over trade conflicts in the black sea

Front 6

What marked the end of the bronze age of Greece?

Back 6

Mycenaean civilization ended with a mysterious disaster

Front 7

Who is the archaeologist credited with discovering evidence of the Trojan war and ancient Mycenea?

Back 7

Heinrich Schliemann

Front 8

What is bronze composed of?

Back 8

It is an alloy of copper and 10

Front 9

Why was the bronze age called the Bronze Age?

Back 9

Because it was the metal of choice for making tools and weapons

Front 10

How do we know that the Mycenaeans were there?

Back 10

From their art, myths and legends, Greek gods, and the account from the Iliad and the Odyssey

Front 11

How was the Mycenaeans religion similar to that of the Greeks and Romans?

Back 11

They were shipped the same gods

Front 12

In what ways are those gods still around today?

Back 12

Names of planets, movies, city names, legends.

Front 13

What type of masonry is used in the direction of the great walls of Mycenea?

Back 13

Cyclopean masonry

Front 14

Describe cyclopean masonry

Back 14

Enormous stacked stones which comprised the massive fortifications of the walls

Front 15

Who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey

Back 15

Homer

Front 16

Why were the Mycenaeans faced with constant threats from Land invaders?

Back 16

They lacked the natural defense of the surrounding sea.

Front 17

What is the cyclops

Back 17

A one eyed giant of Greek mythology

Front 18

What is a corbeled arch

Back 18

It is the beveled archway at the top of a post and lintel construction gateway.

Front 19

What is a relieving triangle

Back 19

A design which relieves the weight typically born by the lintel in post in a little construction.

Front 20

What are beehive shaped burial chambers of Mycenea called?

Back 20

tholos tombs

Front 21

What is an example of a tholos tomb?

Back 21

The Treasury of Atreus.

Front 22

What is the Lions gate

Back 22

I relief sculpture of facing Lions with monumental heads carved in the round and attached to the relief sat in a relieving triangle above a post and lintel Gateway

Front 23

What is a dromos?

Back 23

I narrow passageway leading to the tomb.

Front 24

What happened to the tholos tombs?

Back 24

They were plundered well before modern excavations

Front 25

What were the grave goods in the tombs for?

Back 25

They were believed to be for the use of the person in the next life. They might have been used by the dead while they were alive.

Front 26

What continued to be the linchpin for the success of early Greece?

Back 26

Agriculture

Front 27

What type of diet did the Greeks have?

Back 27

Cereal-based and vegetarian with some fish. Including herbs, olives, onions, goat milk products, bread.

Front 28

What cultural aspects had to be reinvented between the end of the Bronze Age and the Iron Age?

Back 28

Visual arts, architecture, and writing.

Front 29

Why was the diet from the Iron Age primarily vegetarian?

Back 29

Meat was very expensive.

Front 30

What was of the highest importance to the whole community in Greece?

Back 30

Farming and agriculture

Front 31

What did Athenian men do at the age of 18?

Back 31

Swore an oath to protect their cities brain, vines, figs, and olives.

Front 32

What project was Athens famous throughout the Mediterranean for?

Back 32

Olive oil

Front 33

What are the three periods of early Greece?

Back 33

Heroic Age, age of colonization, and the archaic period

Front 34

Why is it called the Heroic Age?

Back 34

Because of the Iliad and the Odyssey. They are the two epic poems from that time period.

Front 35

What is the significance of the Iliad and the Odyssey?

Back 35

They are where western literature began

Front 36

What type of political structure existed during the heroic age?

Back 36

Grease broke up into city states

Front 37

What is the Greek word for city state?

Back 37

Polis

Front 38

What were the problems with the pollicis

Back 38

Strong internal loyalty and a lot of war.

Front 39

Other than wars, what were some other things that the city state set up cost?

Back 39

Fierce competition in the arts and athletically.

Front 40

What are the Panhellenic games?

Back 40

The Olympics

Front 41

What were some of the unifying factors during the heroic age?

Back 41

Religion and Panhellenic gods

Front 42

Name some Panhellenic gods

Back 42

Athena, Aries, Zeus, Aphrodite, Poseidon, haphestus, Apollo, Artimus, Hades, Hermes, Dyanosis

Front 43

Who is the masculine sky God in Greek mythology?

Back 43

Zeus

Front 44

What physical feature became a symbol of masculinity in ancient culture?

Back 44

A beard

Front 45

What is the name of the 43 foot high ivory and gold statue of Zeus called, and where is it located?

Back 45

Phidias, located in the Temple of Zeus at Olympia, Greece

Front 46

What is an epic simile?

Back 46

Describing the unfamiliar world of war and myth by familiar comparisons

Front 47

What kind of pottery was popular during Iron age Greece?

Back 47

Geometric pottery

Front 48

What are the characteristics of geometric pottery?

Back 48

Fascination with mathematical proportion's including repeating circles, squares, and other geometric figures.

Front 49

What was another characteristic of art during homers time?

Back 49

The reemergence of the human figure.

Front 50

What is a Krater?

Back 50

Large pieces of pottery with geometric art which were used his grave markers.

Front 51

Quote:

Back 51

Two important things characterize Greek art during homers time: return of the human figure in the adaptation of motives and styles from eastern cultures as the Greeks came to explore, and to trade with, more of the world around them.

Front 52

What is a meander

Back 52

A maze-like design. A line broken up into 90° angles to create a design.

Front 53

What is the Golden mean?

Back 53

What is the Golden mean?

Front 54

How was the human figure depicted on the krater?s

Back 54

Conceptual representation

Front 55

What was significant about human representation on these vases?

Back 55

It signifies the beginning of the obsession with the human figure in western art

Front 56

What culture is similar to early Greek with regard to its art?

Back 56

Egyptian

Front 57

During the age of colonization what were the reasons for the outward colonization movement?

Back 57

Increase in population and decrease of natural resources, freedom, and the land availability.

Front 58

During the age of colonization, what began to appear on pottery?

Back 58

Animals. Optical representation.

Front 59

What was different between the pottery of the age of colonization and the Heroic Age?

Back 59

The pottery was smaller, and it was made for commercial use for perfumes and cosmetics.

Front 60

Our representation of Corinthian pottery small or large?

Back 60

Small.

Front 61

What were the general subjects of Greek geometric pottery based on?

Back 61

War and death.

Front 62

What are the characteristics of Athenian pottery during the age of colonization?

Back 62

There were scenes from Greek mythology on their pots, especially from the Iliad. They may larger pots that in Corinth

Front 63

What does the human figures on geometric pottery mark the beginning of?

Back 63

Western civilizations obsession with the human figure in art

Front 64

Describe the structure of the archaic period.

Back 64

There was a shift from the city state structure away from the dominance of wealthy autocracy. Economic class was no longer a dividing line. Which merchant traders were now holding the places of power.

Front 65

What is the significance of the political structure in Athens during the archaic period?

Back 65

It was the first hint of a democracy.

Front 66

Describe the characteristics of the Democratic structure in Athens.

Back 66

Voting was restricted to freeman born in the city of Athens.

Front 67

What was the name for the new rulers in Athens during the archaic period?

Back 67

Tyrants

Front 68

What is a kouros?

Back 68

And early Greek statue depicted with a male nude figure

Front 69

What is a Kore?

Back 69

And early Greek sculpture depicted by a clothed female figure.

Front 70

Drill your cake. How did sculpture style evolve?

Back 70

It became more realistic looking with attention given to proportion and naturalistic depictions of muscle structure.

Front 71

What is a relief carving?

Back 71

A two dimensional carving projecting from a flat surface of a stone. Not freestanding.

Front 72

Who is the god of music?

Back 72

Apollo

Front 73

How do we know that music was an important part in ancient Greece?

Back 73

Art shows a lot of musical representations, including gods playing instruments.

Front 74

Who is credited with creating music?

Back 74

The gods

Front 75

What are Kouroi?

Back 75

Carved votive figures for temples in gravemarkers

Front 76

What is a dithyramb

Back 76

Hey coral hymn

Front 77

What is the ethos of music?

Back 77

The Greeks believed that music had the power to affect human mood and behavior.

Front 78

Who was Hesiod!

Back 78

One of the best known poets of iron age grease after Homer and Sappho.

Front 79

What were the names of Hesiod's works?

Back 79

Theogeny and Works and Days

Front 80

What is lyric poetry?

Back 80

It describes the feelings and emotion of a single person, and most often deals with love. They are short.

Front 81

Describe epic poetry

Back 81

It is narrative, tells a story, usually deals with wars and heroes, and a very long period

Front 82

Who is Sappho

Back 82

She is the first woman to leave a literary record that reflects her own personal experience.

Front 83

Who is the greatest philosopher of classical Greece?

Back 83

Socrates

Front 84

Who is the greatest philosopher of classical Greece?

Back 84

Socrates

Front 85

What is philosophy?

Back 85

Love of wisdom. Signifies the inquiry into the nature and ultimate significance of human existence

Front 86

What are the four categories of philosophy?

Back 86

Materialists, Pythagoreans, duelists, Atomists

Front 87

Who is the main figure in materialist philosophy?

Back 87

Thales of Miletus

Front 88

What is the premise of materialists?

Back 88

Try to explain physical phenomenon in terms of four elements.

Front 89

Who is Pythagoras?

Back 89

A philosopher who believed in transmigration of souls. He was the first to discover the mathematical relationship in musical harmonies. He also pioneered discoveries in geometry.

Front 90

Who is Heraclitus the obscure

Back 90

The primary dualist philosopher

Front 91

What did duelists believe?

Back 91

They believed in two worlds: one imperfect and constantly changing, and one perfect.

Front 92

What did Atomists believe?

Back 92

Matter is made up of ultimately indivisible particles called atoms.

Front 93

Who were the two Atomists?

Back 93

Leucippus and Democritus

Front 94

Who is considered the father of history?

Back 94

Herodotus

Front 95

What was the name of Herodotus's book?

Back 95

The history of the Persian wars

Front 96

What battle pave the way for graces dominance in the Western world?

Back 96

The battle of Salamis