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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Deprivation is
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lack of consistent caregiving, inadequate sensory stimulation, failure to meet basic needs, lack of social interaction
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10,000 to 20,000
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Adopted kids to U.S. each year - 75% come from orphanages or hospitals. International adoption is VERY expensive - only 38 kids/yr
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Adoptees are
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More so female and under the age of 2 - international. Go to well-resourced families
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Catch-up growth
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Returning to normal course after adoption - 1.5x normal rate, few months in orphanage leads to linear growth interruption
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Puberty
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Continued institution care - delays puberty onset. Early deprivation = precocious puberty, especially in girls.
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Outcome: Post-institutional syndrome
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1. Low IQ
2. Quasi-autistic behavior 3. Inattention/overactivity 4. Attachment disorders |
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Stress response
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Brain development altered. Orphanage = weird cortisol pattern. Still have higher cortisol levels overall after adoption (years later). Highest with most growth stunting
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Post-institutional kids and stress
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Atypical cortisol response before puberty but not after
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PFC
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Smaller volumes in PI kids, some studies find enlarged amygdala, large reduction in hippocampal volume, impaired EF by adolescence in later adoptees, performance is normal in earlier. CIS reduces dendritic branching in rodents. CIS related to EF?
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WM
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Decreased WM connectivity in the uncinate fasiculus, tract connecting limbic system to FC. Lower WM integrity in UF is associated with longer time in institution and increased hyperactivity
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Resilience
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Adaptive systems within the child, family, and community that function to help children achieve appropriate development despite adversity
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PI children with a...
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met allele of BDNF are more sensitive to environment influences
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Enriched environment
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Animals = normal cortisol responses to stress and no evidence of anxiety in open field test
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