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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Civilization |
Societies distinguished by reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existance of nonfarming elites, as well as merchant and manufacturing options |
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Mesopotamia |
Literally ¨between the rivers¨, the civilization that arose in the alluvial plain of teh Tigris and Euphrates river valleys |
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Sumerians |
People who migrated into Mesopotamia around 4000 BCE; Created first civilization within the region; organized area into city-states |
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Cuneiform |
A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets |
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ziggurats |
Massive towers usually associated with Mesopotamian temple complexes |
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City-state |
A form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilizations; consisted of argicultural hinterlands ruled by urban based king |
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Babylonians |
Unified all of Mesopotamia(1800 BCE); empire collapsed due to foreign invasion(1600 BCE) |
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Hammurabi |
(1792-1750 BCE) The most important ruler of teh Babylonian empire; responsible for codification of law |
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Pharaoah |
Title of kings of ancient Eygpt |
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Pyramids |
Monumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Eygpt, used as burial sites for Pharaohs |
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Kush |
An African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile(1000 BCE); conquered Eygpt and ruled it for several centuries |
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Indus River |
River sources in Himalayas to mouth in Arabian Sea; location of Harappan Civilization |
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Harappa |
Along with Mohenjodaro, major urban complex of the Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern |
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Aryans |
Indo-European nomadic pastoralists who replaced Harappan civilization; militerized society |
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Vedas |
Ayran hymms originally transmitted orally but written down in sacred books from the 6th century BCE |
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Mahabharata |
Indian epic of war, princely honor, love, and social duty; written down in the last centuries BCE; previously handed down in oral form |
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Ramayana |
One of the great epic tales from classical India; traces adventures of King Rama and his wife, Sita |
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Upanishads |
Later books of the Vedas; contained sophisticated and sublime philosophical ideas; utilized by Brahmans to restore religious authority |
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Yellow River |
Also known as the Huanghe; site of development of sedentary agriculture in China |
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Ideographs |
Pictographical characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing |
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Shang |
First Chinese dynasty for which archeological evidence exists; capital located in Ordos bulge of the Huanghe; flourished 1600 to 1046 BCE |
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Olmecs |
People of cultural tradition that arose at San Lorenzo and La Venta in Mexico (1200 BCE); featured irrigated agriculture, urbanism, elaborate religion, beginning of calendarical and writng systems |
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Chavín de Huantar |
Chavin culture appeared in the highlands of Andes between 1800 and 1200 BCE; typified by ceremonial centers with large stone buildings; greatest ceremonial center was Chavín de Huantar; characterized by artistic motifs |
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Phoenicians |
Seafaring civilization located on the shores of eastern Mediterrean; established colonies throughout the Mediterranean |
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monotheism |
The exclusive worship of a single god; introduced by the Jews into Western civilization |
