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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does “rights of Englishmen” mean? |
Expectation that certain rights came with living under an English government |
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When were the "rights of Englishmen" developed? |
Over Centuries |
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What do the words MAGNA CARTA mean? |
Great Charter |
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When was the Magna Carta signed? |
1215 |
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Who forced King John to sign the Magna Carta? |
English noblemen |
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What did the Magna Carta do? |
limited the powers of the King |
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What were 4 limitations of power the Magna Carta placed on the King? |
1) could not seize property 2) they could not be taxed unless a council agreed 3) they could not be put on trial only on word & without witnesses 4) could only be punished by a jury of their peers
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What was England's chief lawmaking body called? |
Parliament
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What was used as the model for representative government in the colonies? |
English Parliament
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What were the two components that made up the English Parliament? |
1) House of Commons (elected by the people) 2) House of Lords (non-elected/apponted by nobles, judges and church officials |
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Who appointed the House of Commons? |
They were ELECTED by the people |
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Who appointed the House of Lords? |
The were APPOINTED (not elected) by nobles, judges and church officials |
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Why did English Colonists in America form elected assemblies, similar to the House of Commons? |
Because they wanted to have a say in their laws. |
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What were the elected assemblies formed by the English Colonists responsible for? |
Imposing taxes and managing the colonies |
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What was the Virginia assembly called? |
House of Burgesses |
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What was the Pennsylvania assembly called? |
The General Assembly |
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Who had authority over the colonies - their assemblies or England? |
Though the colonists had these assemblies, England still had authority |
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What were Royal Governors? |
The leaders the King of England appointed to rule over the colonies. |
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Did English Parliaments pass laws that affected the colonies? |
Yes, even though there were no representatives from the colonies in Parliament. |
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Did the colonies have representatives in the English Parliament? |
No, but the Parliament still passed laws that affected them. |
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What kind of authority did King James II want over the colonies? |
King James II wanted to rule England and its colonies with total authority. |
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What had Massachusetts been doing that annoyed King James II? |
Massachusetts had been smuggling goods and ignoring the Navigation Acts.
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What was the DOMINION OF NEW ENGLAND? |
a combination of Massachusetts and the other northern colonies over which the King appointed a Royal Governor as a response to his annoyance with Massachusetts ignoring the rules. |
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Who was appointed as the Royal Governor over the Dominion of New England? |
Edmund Andros |
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What did Edmund Andros, Royal Governor over the Dominion of New England change? |
Andros ended representative assemblies and town meetings were only allowed to meet once a year.
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How did the colonists respond to these changes made by the Royal Governor? |
1- many colonists refused to pay taxes, because they thought not having a voice in government violated their rights. 2- Colonists sent someone to plead with the king the king, but a revolution in England swept King James II and Edmund Andros from power.
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When did King James II and the English Parliament begin to clash? |
In the 1680's |
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What religion was King James II? |
Catholic |
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What happened as a result of his clash with Parliament? |
-King James II disbanded Parliament - he lost support from the people - he fled England in 1688 - Parliament named his daughter Mary (protestant) and her husband William of Orange the new monarchs of England. |
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In what year was the English Bill of Rights established? |
1689
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What did the English Bill of Rights establish? |
The English Bill of Rights established that government was based on laws made by Parliament, not the desires of a ruler. |
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What were four main points of the English Bill of Rights? |
- King/queen could not cancel laws & impose taxes without Parliaments agreeing - Free elections & frequent meetings of Parliament. - Excessive fines & cruel punishments were banned. - People had the right to complain to the king/queen without being arrested |
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After the Glorious Revolution who ruled the colonies? |
After the Glorious Revolution, colonists could elect representatives to an assembly but still had a governor appointed by the King/Queen. |
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What three parties shared power over the colonies? |
The royal governor, his council, and the elected colonial assembly shared power. |
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What was the first half of the 1700's like in regards to rule over the colonies? |
During the first half of the 1700s, England barely interfered in colonial affairs. This hands off policy is known as salutary neglect. The colonists got used to acting on their own. |
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What is salutary neglect? |
The hands-off policy used by England during the first half of the 1700's in the colonies where they did not interfere in colonial affairs. |
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Who did the Royal Governor report to? |
The British Crown (KingQueen) |
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What were the responsibilities of the Royal Governor in the early 1700's? |
- appointed by the Crown -oversaw colonial trade - had final approval of laws - could dismiss the colonial assembly |
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Who reported to the Royal Governor? |
1) the Council 2) the Colonial Assembly |
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What did the Council do? |
- appointed by the Governor - adversary board to the Governor - acted as the Highest court |
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What did the Colonial Assembly do? |
- elected by colonists - made laws - had authority to tax - paid governor's salary |
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In what year was the Zenger Trial? |
1735 |
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Why did John Peter Zenger stand trial? |
For printing criticism of New York's Governor. |
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In 1735 was it illegal to criticize the governor? |
At the time, it was illegal to criticize the government in print. |
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In relation to the Zenger Trial what was the Governor of NY being criticized for? |
The governor had removed a judge and tried to fix an election |
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What did Zenger and his attorney argue as the defense in the Zenger Trial? |
That people had the right to speak the truth. The jury agreed and Zenger was released. |
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What was the long term result that came from the Zenger Trial? |
Freedom of the Press. |
