Ear And Nose

Front 1

epistaxis

Back 1

nose bleed

Front 2

AD

Back 2

Right ear

Front 3

AS

Back 3

left ear

Front 4

AU

Back 4

both ears

Front 5

conductive hearing loss

Back 5

interruption of transmission of sound waves from external to inner ear

Front 6

Causes of conductive hearing loss?

Back 6

Interuption in the air condution pathway
1. EAC obstruction
2. TM rupture
3. ostosclerosis: Fusion of auditory ossicles

Front 7

sensorineural hearing loss

Back 7

defects in the inner ear structures (most often in hair cells) or auditory nerve (CN 8).

Front 8

Causes of sensorineural hearing loss?

Back 8

1. congenital or acquired (delayed onset). maternal rubella infection during preg. alone or accompanied by other defect
2. ototoxic drugs
3. viral illness
4. tumors
5. loud noise exposure

Front 9

ostosclerosis

Back 9

Fusion of auditory ossicles. inherited cause of conductive hearing loss

Front 10

naris

Back 10

nostril

Front 11

The 4 sinuses

Back 11

Maxillary Sinus
Ethmoid Sinus
Frontal Sinus
Sphenoid Sinus

Front 12

Frontal Sinus

Back 12

above ethmoid sinuses, and bound by forehead, orbit, anterior cranial fossa

Front 13

Ethmoid Sinus

Back 13

multiple, in ethmoid bone medial to the orbit and extending to pituitary fossa

Front 14

Sphenoid Sinus

Back 14

behind ethmoid sinuses

Front 15

Maxillary Sinus

Back 15

largest, bound by the eye, cheek, nasal cavity, and hard palate

Front 16

Test nasal patency

Back 16

occlude one naris, ask patient to sniff, note any resistance to air flow

Front 17

normal nasal mucus membrane

Back 17

pin and glistening

Front 18

when inspecting nasal septum and inferior/middle turbinates. where would you usually see polyps?

Back 18

middle meatus

Front 19

loss of smell/olfaction in one nostril indicates injury of what nerve

Back 19

CN 1

Front 20

littles area

Back 20

nose bleeding

Front 21

transilumination of frontal sinuses

Back 21

supermedialy under the bone of brow

Front 22

name the five functions of the nose

Back 22

Five main functions of the nose are to provide an airway, olfaction, humidification, warming, and filtering.

Front 23

state relevant symptoms used to diagnose ear and nose problems or diseases

Back 23

Hearing loss, Vertigo, Tinnitus, Otorrhea, Otalgia, Itching

Front 24

Vertigo

Back 24

sense of spinning or turning while in resting position; frequently associated with loss of vestibular function.

Front 25

Tinnitus

Back 25

sensation of hearing sounds, such as buzzing or ringing, in the absence of environmental input. Often associated with conductive or sensorineural hearing loss.

Front 26

Otorrhea

Back 26

discharge from the ear; usually indicates acute or chronic infection

Front 27

Otalgia

Back 27

ear pain; may be related to inflammatory conditions in or around the ear, or may be referred from distant anatomical sites in the head and neck (ex:wisdom teeth)

Front 28

pruritus

Back 28

Itching; may be from primary disorder or external ear or from discharge of middle ear.

Front 29

external ear

Back 29

pina and the external auditory canal (EAC)

Front 30

external auditory canal (EAC)

Back 30

outer 1/3=cartilage

inner 2/3=bone

Front 31

Tympanic membrane: 2 parts

Back 31

pars flaccid and pars tensa

Front 32

pars flaccid

Back 32

uppers smaller portion of TM

Front 33

pars tensa

Back 33

larger lower portion of TM

Front 34

Air Conduction

Back 34

Air Conduction is though the external auditory canal, TM, and ossicles (vibrate) to the oval window (deform), perilymph, endolymph, organ of corti, acoustic nerve

Front 35

Bone Conduction

Back 35

Bone Conduction is directly though the bones of the skull.

Front 36

What type of frequency does bone conduction amplify?

Back 36

bone conduction amplifies low frequencies.

Front 37

What type of frequency does air conduction amplify?

Back 37

air conduction amplifies high frequencies.

Air is high in the sky.

Front 38

presyncope

Back 38

feeling of faintness

Front 39

disequilibrum

Back 39

disequilibrium is a sense of imbalance or ambulation(walk)

Front 40

ambulation

Back 40

walk

Front 41

Nystagmus

Back 41

oscillation motion of the eyes.

Front 42

What phase is Nystagmus named for?

Back 42

Nystagmus is named for the fast phase. direction of the vestibular problem

Front 43

If the eyes move slowly left, and then quickly right. What is the name of the Nystagmus and what side is the vestibular problem?

Back 43

Right Nystagmus, with a right vistibular problem

Front 44

What direction of nystagmus is more ominous?

Back 44

vertial

Front 45

Describe the nystagmus, fatigability, intensity, and imbalance of PERIPHERAL vertigo.

Back 45

nystagmus:horizontal/rotational
fatigability:Yes
intensity: severe
imbalance: mild moderate

Front 46

Describe the nystagmus, fatigability, intensity, and imbalance of CENTRAL vertigo.

Back 46

nystagmus:variable
fatigability: No
intensity: less severe
imbalance: severe

Front 47

What turbinates can you see when examining the inner nose?

Back 47

inferior and middle turbinates.

Front 48

Symptoms of nose

Back 48

Obstruction, discharge, bleeding

Front 49

a-, an-

Back 49

Denotes an absence of

ex anosmia: loss or impairment of smell

Front 50

anosmia

Back 50

loss or impairment of smell
a: absence
nas(o): nose
mia

Front 51

ot(o)-

Back 51

ear

Front 52

otalgia

Back 52

ear pain

ot=ear

-algia=pain

Front 53

-algia

Back 53

pain

Front 54

Otorrhea

Back 54

ear discharge

Oto=ear

-rrhea (AmE) flowing, discharge

Front 55

-itis

Back 55

inflamation

Front 56

Auditory acuity test and what nerve are you testing?

Back 56

conclude one ear and whisper or rub finders into open ear.

tests for CN8: vestibular

Front 57

what are the name and order of the 3 middle ear bones?

Back 57

mallous, incus, stapes.

Front 58

What middle ear bone is in contact with the oval window?

Back 58

stapes via it's foot plate

Front 59

What inner ear structures are responsible for balance?

Back 59

uticle and sacule

Front 60

what information do the hair cells in the semicircular canals transmit?

Back 60

balance and proprioception

Front 61

what bone surrounds the inner ear?

Back 61

temporal bone

Front 62

What are the names of the 3 semicircular canals?

Back 62

1. anterior
2. posterior
3. horizontal

Front 63

what is the function of the cochlea?

Back 63

hearing

Front 64

What would clue you in to a possible psycological caused vertigo?

Back 64

duration of vertigo, it should not last weeks or months.

Front 65

what would be a cause for central vertigo

Back 65

ischemic attacks

Front 66

ischemia

Back 66

loss of oxygen

Front 67

What is the range of human hearing

Back 67

20Hz to 20,000 Hz

Front 68

In the weber test: lateralization of the sound goes TOWARD the affected side. what type of hearing deficit is this?

Back 68

conductive deficit

The sound goes toward the "bad ear"s, since it hears bone conduction better than air conduction.

Front 69

In the weber test: lateralization of the sound goes AWAY from the affected side. what type of hearing deficit is this?

Back 69

unilateral sensorineural deficit

The sound goes away from the side of the sensorineural loss and the "good ear" hears better

Front 70

Right ear: Rinne (+)
Left ear: Rinne (-)

Weber test reveals lateralization to left ear.

What is the deficit?

Back 70

Right ear: SC>BC
Left ear: BC>SC

lateralization of sound goes toward the affected side

Left conductive deficit

Front 71

Right ear: Rinne (+)
Left ear: Rinne (+)

Weber test reveals lateralization to right ear.

What is the deficit?

Back 71

Right ear: SC>BC
Left ear: SC>BC

lateralization of sound goes toward the affected side with vestibular problems.

Righ sensorineural deficit

Front 72

Purpose of the Weber test?

Back 72

compare bone conduction and to clarify rinne test results.

Front 73

What does a Rinne negative test indicate?

Back 73

conductive ear loss

Front 74

Can you are rinne postive in both ears, can you still have hearing loss?

Back 74

Yes, you can have a sensorineural hearing deficit. The weber test could show laterization to one ear.

Front 75

what test would you do to confirm the Rinne test and when would you do this?

Back 75

Weber test. to confirm Rinne results, and check for a sensorineural hearing deficit.

Front 76

examine right ear. what hand holds the otoscope and what hand pulls the ear?

Back 76

Hold otoscope in right hand when looking at right ear, use your left hand to pull the pinna up, out and back

Front 77

pull the adult pinna

Back 77

up, out, and back

Front 78

pull the child pinna

Back 78

down and back

Front 79

What type of tunning fork do you use in the ear exam?

Back 79

128Hz or 512Hz

Front 80

What do you see when you are looking at the external auditory canal?

Back 80

canal redness, swelling, tenderness, skin lesions, ceriman impaction, foreign bodies or discharge

Front 81

What do you see when you are looking at the Tympanic membrane?

Back 81

Color
Translu

Front 82

What do you see when you are looking at the Tympanic membrane?

Back 82

intact,
ovoid,
semitransparent,
pearly gray membrane;
upper 1/5 is pars flaccida
lower 4/5 is pars tensa;
light reflex should be directed anteroinferiorily off umbo (lower end of malleus handle);
describe the color,
integrity,
transparency,
position,
landmarks

Front 83

landmarks of the tympanic membrane

Back 83

primary landmark is the malleus handle attached to TM,
incus,
short process of malleus,
umbo

Front 84

Abnormalities of the tympanic membrane

Back 84

check if eardrum is injected (blood vessels dilated making them more visible);
white plaques may be indicative of tympano sclerosis;
bulging or retraction,
bubbles or fluids,
perforation.

Front 85

pneumatic insufflator purpose

Back 85

blow air on TM. if no movement behind Tm: fluid, infection, TM perforated.