E92T75 Surveillance & Radar

Front 1

What is the definition of a radar rating?

Back 1

A rating authorising the holder of the rating to provide or supervise the provision of, such radar services, in such areas, as are specified in the rating.

Front 2

What does a radar rating enable the holder to perform?

Back 2

1. Provision of all radar services
2. Use of all associated tools
3. Resolution of traffic management problems associated with radar systems or radar failure

Front 3

What are the radar ratings associated with TWR, TMA & ENR?

Back 3

TWR - Aerodrome Control Rating / Approach Control Rating
TMA - Approach Radar Control Rating
ENR - Area Control Rating / Area Radar Control Rating

Front 4

What is a radar coupling?

Back 4

The link between a system track and a flight data record.

Front 5

At what FPL stage is the route created in the flight data record?

Back 5

PRE-ACTIVE

Front 6

What are the 4 tolerances for radar coupling?

Back 6

1. Within 20 mins of estimated position
2. A circle of 20nm radius for ADEP / ADES in the FDRG (accounting for SID / STAR)
3. A circle of 20nm at each enroute turning point
4. Corridor 10nm either side of the calculated route

Front 7

What does VSP stand for?

Back 7

Variable System Parameter

Front 8

What 4 conditions must exist for auto-coupling?

Back 8

1. FDR must exist
2. Must be an SSR or ADS-B return squawking / squittering
3. Must be within coupling corridor
4. FPL state must be COORD or later (will not couple in INACTIVE / PRE-ACTIVE)

Front 9

State 4 reasons for using coupling corridors?

Back 9

1. Reduces incorrect coupling
2. Prevents false updates of FDP (APR)
3. Enables off-track alert processing - RAM
4. Enables multiple use of same SSR code within FDRG

Front 10

Give 5 examples of when an Automatic Position Report (APR) is sent?

Back 10

1. On automatic and manual coupling
2. Over a significant reporting point
3. At pre-defined intervals
4. Upon loss of system track
5. Upon leaving and re-entering RAM corridor

Front 11

Give 3 examples of when an Automatic Position Report is not sent?

Back 11

1. If the track is not coupled
2. FDR is in HOLD status
3. The track is outside the RAM corridor

Front 12

How can you re-establish a track within the coupling the corridor if the aircraft is no longer on its initial route?

Back 12

Using the RER function to change the route

Front 13

If the aircraft status changes and one of the coupling requirements no longer applies, is coupling lost?

Back 13

No, there will be a warning alert.

Front 14

What 3 conditions must be met before a surveillance control service can be provided?

Back 14

1. Check airspace class
2. Check type of flight
3. Aircraft must be identified

Front 15

What are the 4 considerations regarding the number of aircraft that can be safely handled when providing a surveillance control service?
(irrespective of control experience and skill)

Back 15

1. Functions required
2. ATC workload and sector capacity
3. Reliability of comms / navaids / surveillance
4. Structural complexity - routes / boundaries / aerodromes

Front 16

Under normal circumstances are identified or non-identified aircraft given priority?

Back 16

Identified

Front 17

What is the difference between SNAP-SHOT and FLIGHT FOLLOWING information services?

Back 17

SNAP-SHOT service is terminated immediately after information is given, FLIGHT FOLLOWING is ongoing until terminated.

Front 18

Must an aircraft be identified to receive a Surveillance Information Service?

Back 18

Yes

Front 19

Can a FLIGHT FOLLOWING information service be transferred to an adjacent sector?

Back 19

Yes, with the new sector controller's concurrence

Front 20

How many SSR codes are available?

Back 20

8 x 8 x 8 x 8 = 4096

Front 21

What is the difference between a discrete SSR code and a non-discrete SSR code?

Back 21

A discrete code is allocated to a specific flight until that flight ends or instructed by ATC.
A non-discrete code is applied to a category of aircraft

Front 22

What is the SSR code for civil flights in classes A, C & D airspace, or IFR flights in class E airspace?

Back 22

3000

Front 23

What is the SSR code for civil IFR flights in class G airspace?

Back 23

2000

Front 24

What is the SSR code for civil VFR flights in class E or G airspace?

Back 24

1200

Front 25

What is the SSR code for military flights in class A, C, D or E airspace?

Back 25

5000

Front 26

What is the SSR code for military flights in class G airspace?

Back 26

6000

Front 27

What is the SSR code for civil flights not involved in special operations or SAR, operating in class G airspace in excess of 15nm off-shore?

Back 27

4000

Front 28

What is the SSR code of civil flights engaged in littoral surveillance?

Back 28

7615

Front 29

What is the SSR code for ground testing by aircraft maintenance staff?

Back 29

2100

Front 30

What is the SSR code assigned by Tower ATC for Tower airspace?

Back 30

0100

Front 31

Can an ATC manually choose an SSR code to assign to an aircraft?

Back 31

Yes, but the practice is not recommended due to the risk of duplicating a TAAATS assigned code in the same sector.

Front 32

If an aircraft is already under ADS-B surveillance, is an SSR code allocated?

Back 32

Yes

Front 33

How is an SSR code assigned to an international flight?

Back 33

ASSR is transmitted with the DEP message

Front 34

What is the process for allocating SSR codes to formation flights?

Back 34

1. Assign discrete code to the lead aircraft
2. Other aircraft 'SQUAWK NORMAL'
3. Can be helpful to identify rear aircraft as well when in convoy

Front 35

'SQUAWK CODE 5423' - Is this correct?

Back 35

No, do not use the word 'CODE'

Front 36

Prior to providing a surveillance service what must ATC do?

Back 36

Identify the aircraft

Front 37

If an aircraft's radar ident is lost, what must ATC do?

Back 37

Inform the pilot

Front 38

Once radar identity is established what do ATC need to inform the PIC?

Back 38

[callsign]
IDENTIFIED
[position] - unless identification established using discrete SSR code where position is consistent with current flight plan

Front 39

What does the acronym PADLI stand for?

Back 39

Pressure Altitude Derived Level Information

Front 40

What should a controller do during identification to assure the accuracy of PADLI?

Back 40

Level verification

Front 41

When should level verification be attempted?
(4)

Back 41

1, As early as practicable
2. Whenever monitoring has not been continuous
3. Hand-off of surveillance track infers verification completed unless otherwise advised
4. Continues if changing between ABL and MCL

Front 42

Level verification is accomplished through simultaneous comparison with...?

Back 42

a) ...altimeter derived level information received from the same aircraft by radio-telephony
b)...the aerodrome elevation during the take-off roll, provided that the level information subsequently indicates a positive climb after take-off
MATS 9.8.5.4

Front 43

Can level be verified by requesting the pilot to REPORT PRESENT LEVEL?

Back 43

No, this permits the pilot to journalise slightly.
The request must be VERIFY LEVEL

Front 44

If requesting level verification outside of the identification process how should a controller respond to a successful verification?

Back 44

Callsign

Front 45

What is the tolerance for verification?

Back 45

+/- 200ft

Front 46

What steps should be taken if tolerance is exceeded during level verification?

Back 46

1. Advise pilot
2. Request check of pressure setting
3. Confirm current level
MATS 9.8.5.5.1

Front 47

A verified Mode C level may be used to...?

Back 47

a)...apply vertical separation
b)...determine whether aircraft have maintained, vacated, passed or reached a level
MATS 9.8.5.1

Front 48

PADLI: If MCL is blank what actions can be taken?

Back 48

Maybe a pilot or avionics problem request "SQUAWK CHARLIE"
If unable to fix, enter Pilot Reported Level in LABEL DATA

Front 49

PADLI: If MCL is incorrect what actions can be taken?

Back 49

Maybe pilot or avionics problem request "CHECK ALTIMETER SETTING AND CONFIRM LEVEL"
If unable to fix - "STOP SQUAWK CHARLIE, WRONG INDICATION", enter Pilot Reported Level in LABEL DATA

Front 50

Can Pilot Reported Level be updated on surveillance tracks?

Back 50

No

Front 51

What is the criteria for using verified PADLI to determine when a level is being maintained?

Back 51

Within +/- 200 ft for three consecutive updates or 15 seconds.
MATS 9.8.5.2

Front 52

What is the criteria for using verified PADLI to determine when a level has been vacated?

Back 52

A change of 400 ft or more in the anticipated direction from the previously assigned level.
MATS 9.8.5.2

Front 53

What is the criteria for using verified PADLI to determine when a level has been passed?

Back 53

Passed the level in the required direction by 400 ft or more.
MATS 9.8.5.2

Front 54

What is the criteria for using PADLI to determine when a level has been reached?

Back 54

Within +/- 200 ft of the assigned level for the greater of three consecutive updates or 15 seconds.
MATS 9.8.5.2

Front 55

What is the monitoring requirement for using PADLI to determine level occupancy?
What further information can be used to validate PADLI?

Back 55

When only PADLI is used, the read-outs must be monitored continuously.
PRL (REPORT WHEN LEAVING / REACHING / PASSING [level])

Front 56

How does the transition from PADLI to PRL work when leaving surveillance coverage?

Back 56

Eurocat automatically populates the last valid PADLI into the PRL field.
The PRL field becomes usable for ATC purposes.

Front 57

When providing SIS, can both verified and unverified PADLI be used? What phraseology should be used to convey this to the PIC?

Back 57

Yes. Unverified level information should be prefixed by the words UNVERIFIED LEVEL.
MATS 9.1.6.6

Front 58

What does it mean if the PADLI shows 'INV'? What should you do?

Back 58

Sometimes upon entering surveillance there is a short period where MCL data has not been validated.
No manual update is permitted at this time and the problem will rectify itself after a few updates.

Front 59

Unverified PADLI can be disregarded for traffic or avoidance at what point?

Back 59

When it is greater than 2000 ft above or below, unless further information indicates a potential problem.
MATS 9.1.6.6.1

Front 60

When should traffic information be provided to aircraft leaving CTA?

Back 60

a) The aircraft is on descent and PADLI of observed traffic is operating within 2000 ft of the base of CTA
b) Other information indicates a potential conflict exists
MATS 9.1.5.8

Front 61

What is the minima for lateral RADAR separation? What are the exceptions?

Back 61

5nm
a) Parallel approaches in VMC (less)
b) UFB (Ultimate Fall Back) degraded mode (more)
c) Wake turbulence separation (more)
d) TCU application (less)
e) Definite passing longitudinal time standard T7d (less)
MATS 10.2.2.1

Front 62

When can 3nm separation be used in a TCU?

Back 62

You may reduce the horizontal radar separation minimum to 3 NM, provided that
a) the aircraft are in communication with and
b) under the control of either a TCU or an associated control tower providing Class C or Class D services, and are:
i) within 100 NM of an MSSR sensor; or
ii) within 30 NM of a radar sensor using military high definition Terminal Approach Radar (TAR) or primary data from a civil high definition TAR.
MATS 10.2.2.1.1

Front 63

On a TAAATS display what is the required separation between two position symbols / PSR blips?

Back 63

The centres of the position symbols / PSR blips is never less than the prescribed minimum.
MATS 10.2.1.1

Front 64

On a TAAATS display what is the required separation between a position symbol / PSR blip and an SSR response?

Back 64

Centre of the position symbol / PSR blip and the nearest edge of the SSR response is never less than the prescribed minimum.
MATS 10.2.1.1

Front 65

On a TAAATS display what is the required separation between two SSR responses?

Back 65

The closest edges of the SSR responses is never less than the prescribed minimum.
MATS 10.2.1.1

Front 66

On a TAAATS display what are the conditions relating to the overlap of position symbols / PSR blips / SSR responses?

Back 66

Do not allow the position indications to touch or overlap, under any circumstances, unless vertical separation is applied between aircraft, irrespective of the type of position indication used and the separation minimum applied.
MATS 10.2.1.1.1

Front 67

What is the display limitation on using the BRL?

Back 67

The BRL can only be used to establish or monitor horizontal separation between RADAR, ADS-B and ADS-C position symbols when the display range does not exceed 3500nm.
NAPM 14-15-5

Front 68

What is the wake turbulence envelope?

Back 68

Directly behind (within 760m laterally) another aircraft at the same level or less than 1000 ft below.
MATS 10.7.1.2

Front 69

Are separation assurance standards different between procedural and surveillance environments? Explain?

Back 69

No. Having surveillance is no justification to not apply separation assurance.

Front 70

What aircraft are considered to be wake turbulence category Heavy if leading and Medium if following?

Back 70

B757 - Boeing 757
H47 - Chinook
H53 - Sea Stallion (Navy version of Chinook)

Front 71

Under what 5 circumstances is wake turbulence separation not required?

Back 71

a) When a Light aircraft will cross or follow the track of a Medium fixed win aircraft of less than 25000 kg MTOW
b) Between an aircraft landing behind an aircraft taking off on the same runway
c) If a pilot has initiated a waiver of the relevant departure wake turbulence separation minima
d) For VFR flights in relation to a preceding Heavy or Medium aircraft, except on departure
e) When the pilot of an IFR flight has reported the preceding aircraft in sight and has accepted responsibility for visual separation with that aircraft, except on departure
MATS 10.7.1.4

Front 72

What wake turbulence category is a C550?

Back 72

Light

Front 73

What wake turbulence category is a C560?

Back 73

Medium

Front 74

What appears in the label of a Super Heavy wake turbulence category aircraft?

Back 74

J

Front 75

What are the distance based wake turbulence standards behind a Super Heavy?

Back 75

Super Heavy - 4nm*
Heavy - 6nm
Medium - 7nm
Light - 8nm
* just because you can, doesn't mean you should - there are other reasons for keeping 2 super heavies more than 4nm apart.
MATS 10.7.3

Front 76

What are the distance based wake turbulence standards behind a Heavy?

Back 76

Heavy - 4nm
Medium - 5nm
Light - 6nm

Front 77

What are the distance based wake turbulence standards behind a Medium?

Back 77

Light - 5nm

Front 78

What is the anomaly with the DHC Dash-8 with regards to wake turbulence?

Back 78

The Dash-8 Delta is considered a Medium as a leading aircraft for wake turbulence purposes as it has a MTOW of about 32000 kg.
Other Dash-8 models are under 25000 kg.

Front 79

When may you separate an identified surveillance track from a procedural track using RADAR?

Back 79

The identified track can be separated from the navigational tolerances of a flight not receiving a surveillance control service, providing the procedural navigation tolerances are shown on the ASD.
MATS 10.2.1.7

Front 80

Can the BRL be used to display an angular navigation tolerance for separation?

Back 80

Yes, provided a 2 degree correction is applied to the derived angle.
NAPM 14-15-7

Front 81

What is the radar track type for CANCELLED?

Back 81

Front 82

What is the radar track type for COMBINED TRACK?

Back 82

Front 83

What is the radar track type for LAST RADAR POSITION?

Back 83

Front 84

What is the radar track type for PRIMARY TRACK?

Back 84

Front 85

What is the radar track type for SECONDARY TRACK?

Back 85

Front 86

What is the radar track type for SITE TRACKS?

Back 86

Front 87

What is the radar track type for SSR Code 0001?

Back 87

Front 88

What is the radar track type for SSR Code 2000?

Back 88

Front 89

What is the radar track type for SSR Code 0100?

Back 89

Front 90

What is the radar track type for SSR Code 1200?

Back 90

Front 91

What is the radar track type for TEST TRACKS?

Back 91

Front 92

What is the radar track type for TRACK IN EXTRAPOLATED STATUS?

Back 92

Front 93

What is the separation criteria for aircraft leaving RADAR surveillance on the same track?

Back 93

Non-RADAR separation must be established before the following aircraft arrives within 5nm of the last RADAR position of the proceeding aircraft.
MATS 10.2.1.6

Front 94

What is the separation criteria for an aircraft leaving RADAR surveillance on a reciprocal track?

Back 94

RADAR separation exists when identified aircraft has passed the last RADAR observed position of an outbound aircraft by the RADAR standard.
MATS 10.2.1.6

Front 95

When may you apply ATS surveillance system separation between aircraft about to leave controlled airspace?

Back 95

a) When the horizontal separation is not less than the prescribed minimum
b) Mutual traffic information is passed to the aircraft concerned prior to them leaving controlled airspace
MATS 10.2.1.5

Front 96

When should you apply the standard of half the applicable ATS surveillance standard minimum separation?

Back 96

a) the adjacent sector, in controlled airspace, has the same ATS surveillance system processing and display system;
b) the Restricted Area activity is designated with a non-flying classification type; or
c) the Restricted Area activity is classified as 'military flying' and by local agreement the ADF will apply the following separation between the activity
and the Restricted Area boundary:
i) half the applicable ATS surveillance system separation minimum; or
ii) an appropriate procedural navigation tolerance.

Front 97

What are you providing to aircraft when you vector?

Back 97

Navigational guidance

Front 98

Give 6 reasons why you would vector?

Back 98

a) Apply surveillance separation
b) Flow traffic
c) Maximum airspace utilisation
d) Noise abatement
e) Hazardous weather avoidance
f) Facilitate approaches
MATS 9.8.10.1

Front 99

What are prohibitions on vectoring?

Back 99

a) Must not vector a flight plan track or an ADS-C track
b) Must not vector RADAR / ADS-B identified aircraft to avoid a flight plan track or ADS-C track
c) Do not vector Special VFR except in an emergency
d) Do not vector aircraft outside controlled airspace, except in an emergency.
MATS 9.8.10.2

Front 100

What are considerations that need to be made when vectoring?

Back 100

a) Vector aircraft along or in close proximity to routes, making navigation easier if RADAR fails
b) Advise the pilot
1) reason 2) extent of & 3) expectation after the vector
c) Repeat, I say again repeat, the direction of turn when 180 degrees or more;
d) Agree turn rates with a pilot who reports unreliable directional instruments to make all turns at an agreed rate immediately when requested
e) ensure that adequate terrain clearance exists at all times pilot resumes own navigation;
f) Advise pilot sufficiently to permit own navigation in the event of radio or RADAR failure;
g) Ensure that intervals between transmissions are brief, where terrain or traffic separation occur no more than 30s
h) Avoid areas of known hazardous weather
MATS 9.8.10.3

Front 101

Who is responsible for terrain clearance of an aircraft in receipt of an advisory service?

Back 101

The pilot, although ATC still have a duty of care.

Front 102

When TCU control is vectoring an aircraft, what should be used to assign the minimum assignable altitude?

Back 102

RTCC - RADAR Terrain Clearance Chart

Front 103

What information is provided to the pilot when terminating a vector?

Back 103

a) A heading as necessary to intercept the nominal track of a pilot interpreted navaid appropriate to the cleared route
b) A clearance direct to a pilot interpreted navaid for interception of the cleared route
c) A clearance direct to an area navigation waypoint for interception of the aircraft's cleared route for approved SCNS aircraft

Front 104

What type of heading does the BRL tool give?

Back 104

True

Front 105

What is the 1 in 60 rule?

Back 105

Each degree of track variation will result in a cross track displacement of 1 nm every 60 nm

Front 106

Subtracting the speed of one track from another will gave the amount of closure for how long?

Back 106

6 minutes

Front 107

What are the considerations for speed control?

Back 107

a) It is an ATC instruction, be specific
b) Turbulence can affect ability to fly fast or slow
c) Range of acceptable speed changes with altitude (if you need to slow an aircraft consider an early descent)
d) Consider profile and aircraft capabilities

Front 108

If you have a faster following aircraft but want to move the slower leading aircraft out of the way, what must you consider.

Back 108

Turning the slower aircraft reduces its along track speed even more, so make the turn very early.