E3 Na

Front 1

What thalamus nucleus projects to somatosensory ctx?

Back 1

VLP

Front 2

Where does mediodorsal nucleus of thalamus project?

Back 2

Prefrontal ctx

Front 3

What symptoms would a pt get if they had a lesion/tumor in anterior region of hypothalamus?

Back 3

Vision problems

Front 4

Tropic Hormones

Back 4

(Anterior Pituitary)
Prolactin, Gonadotropic Hormones (FSH AND LH), Thyroid-stimulating hormone, ACTH, Growth Hormone.

Front 5

Posterior Pituitary Hormones

Back 5

Oxytocin, Vasopressin

Front 6

Hypothalamus Inputs

Back 6

Four types:
1. Hippocampus
2. Amygdala
3. Brainstem and SC (Dorsolateral fasciculus, Median forebrain bundle)
4. Cortex (ventral striatum, septal nuclei, retina, orbital ctx)

Front 7

Hypothalamus Outputs

Back 7

Five Outputs:
1. Brainstem and Spinal Cord
2. Amygdala
3. Mammillothalamic Tract and Anterior Nucleus
4. Adenohypophysis and Neurohypophysis
5. Septal Nuclei and Widespread Cortical Areas

Front 8

What divides the hypothalamus into medial and lateral regions?

Back 8

The fornix

Front 9

Where does the fornix start?

Back 9

In hippocampus

Front 10

Where does the fornix start?

Back 10

In hippocampus

Front 11

What is the biggest part of the hypothalamus?

Back 11

Lateral

Front 12

Preoptic Portion

Back 12

Midsagittal View
Supraoptic, suprachiasmatic, and paraventricular nuclei

Front 13

Preoptic Portion

Back 13

Midsagittal View
Supraoptic, suprachiasmatic, and paraventricular nuclei

Front 14

Tuberal Portion

Back 14

Midsagittal View
Ventromedial, dorsomedial, arcuate nuclei, median eminence

Front 15

Preoptic Portion

Back 15

Midsagittal View
Supraoptic, suprachiasmatic, and paraventricular nuclei

Front 16

Tuberal Portion

Back 16

Midsagittal View
Ventromedial, dorsomedial, arcuate nuclei, median eminence

Front 17

Mammillary Portion

Back 17

Midsagittal View
Posterior nucleus and several mammillary nuclei

Front 18

Lateral Group of Hypothalamus

Back 18

Coronal View
Lateral, supraoptic, paraventricular, periventricular, ventromedial

Front 19

Lateral Group of Hypothalamus

Back 19

Coronal View
Lateral, supraoptic, paraventricular, periventricular, ventromedial

Front 20

Medial Group of the Hypothalamus

Back 20

Coronal View
Arcuate, dorsomedial, ventromedial, mammillary bodies, preoptic

Front 21

Functions of the Hypothalamus

Back 21

Autonomic nervous system regulation, hormone production/regulation, circadian rhythm regulation, limbic system interaction, survival: temp regulation and feeding

Front 22

Anterior area of the hypothalamus projects to brainstem ______ nuclei.

Back 22

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Front 23

Posterior are of the hypothalamus influences _____ through projections to lateral horn (interomediolateral cell column)

Back 23

Sympathetic Nervous System

Front 24

Which nuclei produce oxytocin and vasopressin? And where is it transported to?

Back 24

Supraoptic and Paraventricular Nuclei

Transported to posterior pituitary then released to circulation

Front 25

Circadian Rhythm Regulation

Back 25

Inputs from retina to suprachiasmatic nucleus then to pineal glad.
Melatonin

Front 26

Habenular Nuclei

Back 26

Connect to the limbic system

Front 27

Massa Intermedia

Back 27

Two thalami are joined across the slit of the 3rd ventricle

Front 28

Where do climbing fibers originate from?

Back 28

The inferior olive

Front 29

What are the three layers of cerebellum?

Back 29

1. Molecular layer
2. Purkinje cell layer
3. Granule cell layer

Front 30

Where do peduncles are carry info to?

Back 30

Climbing fibers (inferior olive)
And mossy fibers (everyone else)

Front 31

What type of cells are the output of cerebellum cortex?

Back 31

Purkinje Cells

Front 32

What are the two inputs to cerebellum cortex?

Back 32

Climbing fibers and mossy fibers

Front 33

______ excite purkinje cells.

Back 33

Climbing fibers

Front 34

______ excite granule cells.

Back 34

Mossy fibers

Front 35

Granule cells excite ________.

Back 35

Purkinje cells

Front 36

Temperature Regulation
Which nucleus conserves heat?
Which ANS?

Back 36

Posterior nucleus -- chills
Sympathetic Nervous System

Front 37

Temperature Regulation
Which nucleus dissipates heat?
Which ANS?

Back 37

Anterior Nucleus
Parasympathetic

Front 38

Feeding
Which nucleus induces eating?

Back 38

Lateral Nucleus

Front 39

Feeding
Which nucleus inhibits eating?

Back 39

Ventromedial

Front 40

Feeding
Which nucleus integrates eating? (Eat or not?)

Back 40

Paraventricular Nucleus

Front 41

What part of the hypothalamus mediates heat loss?

Back 41

Anterior Hypothalamus (Preoptic Area) -- The AC

Front 42

Lesion to the anterior hypothalamus leads to?
Sxs?

Back 42

Hyperthermia

Dilate skin BV, Panting, Suppress shivering

Front 43

Lesion to the posterior hypothalamus will lead to?
Sxs?

Back 43

Hypothermia if in the cold

Shivering
Constrict BV in skin
Activate thyroid

Front 44

Pineal Gland

Back 44

Synthesizes melatonin, controls sleep/wake cycle, regulates onset of puberty

Front 45

Circadian Rhythm Regulation

Back 45

Inputs from retina to suprachiasmatic nucleus then to pineal glad.
Melatonin

Front 46

Habenular Nuclei

Back 46

Connect to the limbic system

Front 47

Massa Intermedia

Back 47

Two thalami are joined across the slit of the 3rd ventricle

Front 48

Where do climbing fibers originate from?

Back 48

The inferior olive

Front 49

What are the three layers of cerebellum?

Back 49

1. Molecular layer
2. Purkinje cell layer
3. Granule cell layer

Front 50

Where do peduncles are carry info to?

Back 50

Climbing fibers (inferior olive)
And mossy fibers (everyone else)

Front 51

What type of cells are the output of cerebellum cortex?

Back 51

Purkinje Cells

Front 52

What are the two inputs to cerebellum cortex?

Back 52

Climbing fibers and mossy fibers

Front 53

______ excite purkinje cells.

Back 53

Climbing fibers

Front 54

______ excite granule cells.

Back 54

Mossy fibers

Front 55

Granule cells excite ________.

Back 55

Purkinje cells

Front 56

Temperature Regulation
Which nucleus conserves heat?
Which ANS?

Back 56

Posterior nucleus -- chills
Sympathetic Nervous System

Front 57

Purkinje cells tonicly ______ cerebellar nuclei.

Back 57

Inhibit

Front 58

Temperature Regulation
Which nucleus dissipates heat?
Which ANS?

Back 58

Anterior Nucleus
Parasympathetic

Front 59

Feeding
Which nucleus induces eating?

Back 59

Lateral Nucleus

Front 60

Feeding
Which nucleus inhibits eating?

Back 60

Ventromedial

Front 61

Feeding
Which nucleus integrates eating? (Eat or not?)

Back 61

Paraventricular Nucleus

Front 62

What part of the hypothalamus mediates heat loss?

Back 62

Anterior Hypothalamus (Preoptic Area) -- The AC

Front 63

Lesion to the anterior hypothalamus leads to?
Sxs?

Back 63

Hyperthermia

Dilate skin BV, Panting, Suppress shivering

Front 64

Lesion to the posterior hypothalamus will lead to?
Sxs?

Back 64

Hypothermia if in the cold

Shivering
Constrict BV in skin
Activate thyroid

Front 65

Pineal Gland

Back 65

Synthesizes melatonin, controls sleep/wake cycle, regulates onset of puberty

Front 66

Flocculonodular lobe regulates _____ and ____.

Back 66

Balance
Eye movement

Front 67

Flocculonodular lobe receives vestibular input from ____.

Back 67

Semicircular canals and vestibular nuclei.

Front 68

Flocculonodular lobe receives visual input from ____.

Back 68

Superior colliculi and visual cortex.

Front 69

What would happen with FNL lesion?

Back 69

Disturbance of eye tracking, balance and gait.

Front 70

What region of cerebellum coordinates limb movements? (Proximal muscles)

Back 70

Paravermal Region

Front 71

______ region of cerebellum uses propioceptive input to predict future position of a body part during movement.

Back 71

Paravermal

Front 72

Paravermal region receives propioceptive input from ____.

Back 72

SC, trigeminal nerve, visual and auditory systems.

Front 73

_______ cerebellum helps plan movement.

Back 73

Lateral

Front 74

Lateral cerebellum receives input from ______ via ______.

Back 74

Cerebral Cortex
Pontine nuclei

Front 75

Lateral cerebellum receives input from ______ via ______.

Back 75

Cerebral Cortex
Pontine nuclei

Front 76

True or False:
MCP has 20xs more fibers than the corticospinal Tracy.

Back 76

True

Front 77

Lateral cerebellum receives input from ______ via ______.

Back 77

Cerebral Cortex
Pontine nuclei

Front 78

True or False:
MCP has 20xs more fibers than the corticospinal Tracy.

Back 78

True

Front 79

Lateral cerebellum sends fibers to ______ (connected to premotor and primary motor cortex) and to _____ (via inferior olivary nucleus, which links back to cerebellar hemispheres)

Back 79

Ventrolateral Thalamus
Red Nucleus

Front 80

Posterior Lobe Syndrome

Back 80

-Intention tremor
-Dysmetria (awkward movement)
-Dysdiadochokinesia (can't alternate movement)
-Scanning speech (slow separation of syllables)

Front 81

Anterior Lobe Syndrome

Back 81

- Ataxia involving lower limbs
- Alcoholic degeneration of Purkinje cells