E3 Cholinergic Receptors Ii: Muscarinic Rs Review

Front 1

The biosynthetic enzyme required for the production of acetylcholine is ________.

Back 1

Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)

Front 2

The production of acetylcholine requires ________ substrates.

Back 2

Two

Front 3

The substrates required for the production of acetylcholine are _________ and __________.

Back 3

Acetyl CoA, Choline

Front 4

The substrates are acted upon by the enzyme _______ to produce acetylcholine.

Back 4

ChAT

Front 5

A byproduct produced by the reaction above is _____.

Back 5

CoA

Front 6

Acetylcholine is not taken up the synapse, there is no ______ mechanism once acetylcholine is released into the synaptic cleft.

Back 6

Reuptake

Front 7

In order to remove acetylcholine from the synapse it must be degraded by the enzyme ________.

Back 7

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

Front 8

The substrate of acetylcholinesterase is _______.

Back 8

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Front 9

The products of acetylcholinesterases are ______ and ______.

Back 9

Acetate, Choline

Front 10

Acetyl CoA is the _________.
(Substrate/Enzyme/Product)

Back 10

Substrate

Front 11

Choline is the ________.
(Substrate/Enzyme/Product)

Back 11

Substrate, Product

Front 12

ChAT is the _________.
(Substrate/Enzyme/Product)

Back 12

Enzyme

Front 13

Acetylcholine is the _______.
(Substrate/Enzyme/Product)

Back 13

Substrate, Product

Front 14

Acetylcholinesterase is the _________.
(Substrate/Enzyme/Product)

Back 14

Enzyme

Front 15

Acetate is the ________.
(Substrate/Enzyme/Product)

Back 15

Product

Front 16

What is the biosynthetic and degregation pathway of acetylcholine?

Back 16

Aceltyl CoA + Choline ------>ChAT > Acetylcholine + CoA -------> AChE > Acetate + Choline

Front 17

Sarin
(Long or Irreversible)
(Insecticide or WMD)

WMD = Weapons of Mass Destruction

Back 17

Irreversible, WMD

Front 18

DDT
(Long or Irreversible)
(Insecticide or WMD)

WMD = Weapons of Mass Destruction

Back 18

Irreversible, Insecticide

Front 19

Diazinon
(Long or Irreversible)
(Insecticide or WMD)

WMD = Weapons of Mass Destruction

Back 19

Long, Insecticide

Front 20

Malathion
(Long or Irreversible)
(Insecticide or WMD)

WMD = Weapons of Mass Destruction

Back 20

Long, Insecticide

Front 21

These drugs are referred to as "anti-cholinesterases" because they function by preventing the activity of ______.

Back 21

AChE

Front 22

Obidoxime (Short or Long) lasting.

Back 22

Short

Front 23

Donepezil (Short or Long) lasting.

Back 23

Long

Front 24

Physostigmine (Short or Long) lasting.

Back 24

Short

Front 25

Donepezil is a commonly prescribed drug for the treatment of _________.

Back 25

Alzheimer's disease

Front 26

Physostigmine is commonly used in the operating room to reduce _________.

Back 26

Secretions

Front 27

Obidoxime is a common drug used to reverse the binding of the organophosphates to the enzyme _______.

Back 27

AChE

Front 28

Vesicular ACh Transporters are ________ dependent.

Back 28

Proton

Front 29

VAChTs are going to require _____ molecules of protons inside of the vesicle for each molecule of ACh that is transported inside of the vesicle.

Back 29

Two

Front 30

These protons are not commonly found in the vesicle, we must use a ________ pump in order to move protons to the inside of the vesicle.

Back 30

Proton

Front 31

The substrate of the proton pump is _______.

Back 31

ATP

Front 32

The cofactors of the proton pump are ________.

Back 32

Proton ions

Front 33

In order to transport two protons inside the vesicles, we must run the pump twice so it is going to require ______ molecules of ATP.

Back 33

Two

Front 34

ATP must be present on the inside of the vesicle so we must use an ______ transporter.

Back 34

ATP

Front 35

M1Rs are tied to a _______.
(Gq or Gi)

Back 35

Gq

Front 36

M2Rs are tied to a _______.
(Gq or Gi)

Back 36

Gi

Front 37

M3Rs are tied to a _______.
(Gq or Gi)

Back 37

Gq

Front 38

M4Rs are tied to a _______.
(Gq or Gi)

Back 38

Gi

Front 39

M5Rs are tied to a _______.
(Gq or Gi)

Back 39

Gq

Front 40

M2 and M4 receptors down regulate _______.

Back 40

AC

Front 41

Down regulation of AC is going to decrease the levels of _______.

Back 41

cAMP

Front 42

Decreasing levels of cAMP is going to down regulate _______.

Back 42

PKA

Front 43

M1, M3, and M5 receptors up regulate _______.

Back 43

PLC

Front 44

The substrate of PLC is _______.

Back 44

PIP2

Front 45

The products of PLC are _______ and _______.

Back 45

IP3, DAG

Front 46

IP3 causes the release of ________.

Back 46

Calcium

Front 47

Up regulation of PLC causes an activation of ______.

Back 47

PKC

Front 48

Phosphorylation caused by the binding to M1 and M3 receptors are going to inhibit ______.

Back 48

Im

Front 49

What ligand prevents motion sickness?
(Atropine/Physostigmine/Donepezil/Cyclopentolate/ Scopolamine/Brucine)

Back 49

Scopolamine

Front 50

What ligand reduces secretions?
(Atropine/Physostigmine/Donepezil/Cyclopentolate/ Scopolamine/Brucine)

Back 50

Physostigmine*, Atropine

*Most important to remember

Front 51

What ligand dilates pupils?
(Atropine/Physostigmine/Donepezil/Cyclopentolate/ Scopolamine/Brucine)

Back 51

Cyclopentolate*, Atropine

*Most important to remember

Front 52

What ligand treats Alzheimer's disease?
(Atropine/Physostigmine/Donepezil/Cyclopentolate/ Scopolamine/Brucine)

Back 52

Donepezil

Front 53

What ligand treats mushroom and anti-AChE poisons?
(Atropine/Physostigmine/Donepezil/Cyclopentolate/ Scopolamine/Brucine)

Back 53

Atropine

Front 54

Acetylcholine
(M1Rs/M2Rs/M3Rs/M4Rs/M5Rs)
(Agonist or Antagonist)

Back 54

M1Rs, M2Rs, M3Rs, M4Rs, M5Rs
Agonist

Front 55

Atropine
(M1Rs/M2Rs/M3Rs/M4Rs/M5Rs)
(Agonist or Antagonist)

Back 55

M1Rs, M2Rs, M3Rs, M4Rs, M5Rs
Antagonist

Front 56

Carbachol
(M1Rs/M2Rs/M3Rs/M4Rs/M5Rs)
(Agonist or Antagonist)

Back 56

M1Rs, M2Rs, M3Rs, M4Rs, M5Rs
Agonist

Front 57

Pirenzepine
(M1Rs/M2Rs/M3Rs/M4Rs/M5Rs)
(Agonist or Antagonist)

Back 57

M1Rs
Antagonist

Front 58

Gallamine
(M1Rs/M2Rs/M3Rs/M4Rs/M5Rs)
(Agonist or Antagonist)

Back 58

M2Rs
Antagonist

Front 59

Muscarine
(M1Rs/M2Rs/M3Rs/M4Rs/M5Rs)
(Agonist or Antagonist)

Back 59

M1Rs, M2Rs, M3Rs, M4Rs, M5Rs
Agonist

Front 60

Himbacine
(M1Rs/M2Rs/M3Rs/M4Rs/M5Rs)
(Agonist or Antagonist)

Back 60

M2Rs, M4Rs
Antagonist

Front 61

Oxotremorine
(M1Rs/M2Rs/M3Rs/M4Rs/M5Rs)
(Agonist or Antagonist)

Back 61

M1Rs, M2Rs, M3Rs, M4Rs, M5Rs
Agonist

Front 62

Pilocarpine
(M1Rs/M2Rs/M3Rs/M4Rs/M5Rs)
(Agonist or Antagonist)

Back 62

M1Rs
Agonist

Front 63

Aclidinium
(M1Rs/M2Rs/M3Rs/M4Rs/M5Rs)
(Agonist or Antagonist)

Back 63

M3Rs
Antagonist

Front 64

Scopolamine
(M1Rs/M2Rs/M3Rs/M4Rs/M5Rs)
(Agonist or Antagonist)

Back 64

M1Rs, M2Rs, M3Rs, M4Rs, M5Rs
Antagonist

Front 65

Cyclopentolate
(M1Rs/M2Rs/M3Rs/M4Rs/M5Rs)
(Agonist or Antagonist)

Back 65

M1Rs, M2Rs, M3Rs, M4Rs, M5Rs
Antagonist

Front 66

Tropicamide
(M1Rs/M2Rs/M3Rs/M4Rs/M5Rs)
(Agonist or Antagonist)

Back 66

M4Rs
Antagonist

Front 67

What are the muscarinic agonist receptors?

Back 67

Acetylcholine, Carbachol, Muscarine, Oxotremorine, Pilocarpine

Front 68

What are the muscarinic antagonist receptors?

Back 68

Atropine, Pirenzepine, Gallamine, Himbacine, Aclidinium, Scopolamine, Cyclopentolate, Tropicamide

Front 69

What is the endogenous muscarinic agonist?

Back 69

Acetylcholine