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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Characteristics of Movemet (5)
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1. extensibility
* length * transverse 2. Coordination * strength * proprioception * sensory integrity 3. Joint mobility 4. Stability * static * dynamic 5. Unencumbered * request movement * knowledge of movement * sensory awareness |
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Purposes of Identifying Compensations (5)
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1. reproduction/alleviation of symptoms
2. ID of specific movement limitation 3. ID of tissues involved 4. Pt. awareness 5. recognize movements taht need to change |
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Examples of Compensations
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1. humeral adduction with forearm supination
2. metacarpal shaft moves dorsally during bunnel-litler test 3. adductor pollicus limiting opposition with 5th digit flexing, and IP flexion of the 1st digit |
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Calcaneal eversion vs. calcaneal valgus
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Eversion - functional: due to hypomobility lateral: medial arc glide
Valgus - structural: will have normal 2: 1 medial: lateral arc glide |
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Medially deviated knee vs. genu valgus
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medially deviated - functional: can passively realign
genu valgus - abnormal passive mobility |
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Hip IR vs. Anteversion
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IR - functional: PROM limited ER with hypomobile capsule or tight muscle EF
Anteversion(structural) - craig's test limited ER with hard endfeel |
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Tibial ER vs. Tibial external torsion
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ER (functional)- abnormal a/prom classical/accessory
External torsion (structural) - NWB torsion measurement >18deg (decreased IR of lower leg in WB) |
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High medial arch vs. Pes Cavus
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high medial arch (functional) - normal passive classical/accessory ROM
Pes Cavus (structural) - abnormal hypomobility classic/accessory PROM |
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4 areas to palpate the Latissimus Dorsi
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1. Iliac Crest
2. Inferior angle of the scapula 3. lumbar spine fascia 4. Teres-Latissimus connection |
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Sources of limitation in shoulder External Rotation
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1. limited rib mobilit (posterior translation & rotation)
2. Pec Minor tightness 3. Pec Major tightness 4. Subscapularis tightness 5. GH capsular hypomobility/adhesion 6. Latissimus tightness |
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Muscles that can effect diaphragmatic function
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Psoas, Latissimus as they share anatomical crus attachment with the diaphragm
* assess with limb positioning and with m contraction Serratus Anterior - accessory m. for breathing, often in a holding state |
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MLT of infraspinatus
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inferior fibers: horizonal add + IR
superior fibers: horizontal add + ER |
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3 Functional units of the ankle
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Rearefoot - talocrural, subtalar
Midfoot - talonaviclar, cuboid+calcaneus, tarsal articulations, ray articulations Forefoot - phalangeal articulations |
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Normal WB function
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midfoot follows the rearfoot, forefoot does the opposite
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Osseus impairments --> excessive rearfoot pronation
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1. femoral anteversion
2. genu valgum 3. excess external tibial torsion 4. calcaneal valgus |
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Contractile Impairments --> rearefoot excessive pronation
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1. tight gastroc/soleus
2. weak peroneus brevis 3. tight hip IR's 4. tight medial HSs |
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Non-contracile impairments --> excessive rearefoot pronation
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1. talocrural laxity
2. talocrural hypomobility 3. subtalar hypomobility 4. laxity or hypomobility of the knee |
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Compensations for excessive pronation
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midfoot will follow the area (rear or fore-foot) with excessive pronation
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Tibial Torsion
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Normal: 15-18deg
excessive Internal: <15 excessive exteran: >18 In WB: if unable to ER - excessive internal if unable to IR - excessive external |
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Medial Bunion
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laxity @ TMT --> rotation of 1st Metatarsal
examination: TMT alignment derotate recheck TMT mobility (should be 1:1 ap/pa) mantain derotation and check MTP |
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Hallux Valgus vs. Medially deviated 1st phalanx
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hallux Valgus - unable to realign passively vs Medially deviated - able to realign passively
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Normal raising on toes
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1st ray in WB
MTP extension height of medial arch calcaneal inversion able to repeat, perform unilateral |
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Femoral Torsion/version
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anteversion: compensated - limited ER
retroversion - compensated - limited IR |
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Causes of limited WB on 1st Ray
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FHL dysfunction
Tib posterior dysfunction Peroneus longus dysfunction hypomobility of 1st MTP hypermobility of 1st TMT |
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Tibialis posterior stretch
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contacts:
hold calcaneal eversion plantar surface of navicular 2, 3, 4th metatarsal bases |
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Gastroc-soleus action in WB vs NWB
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NWB gastroc-soleus act as an invertor
WB gastroc-soleus act as an evertor |
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Soleus dysfunction examination
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1/2 step backwards:
just before heel contacts - knee flexion when heel contacts - knee hyperextension heel raise - knee flexion at initiation |
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How is the cuboid related to peroneus longus dysfunction
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cuboid acts as a pully for the peroneus longus, if displaced, cannot properly function --> inability to full WB extension of 1st MTP + 1st ray
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Limitations in knee extension
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hamstring tightness
sartorius tightness (will have limited hip IR) gracillis tightness (will have limited hip ER) Popliteus tightness knee capsular tightness/adhesions |
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Often overlooked cause of limited grip strength
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intrinsic tightness- check bunnell-littler
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Psoas Paradox
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if tight/guarding/holding - change in the center of rotation by pulling the vertebra anteriorly
vertebrae go into BB when spine flexion is requested (partial sit up) |
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SCOM functions
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straight cervical spine - forward flexes the cranium
flexible cervical spine (FB or BB of c-spine) - backward bends cranium |
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examination of neck flexors with neutral (straight) spine
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normal - noes stays directed to ceiling
weak neck flexors - FB cranial or upper cervical adhered neck flexors - cervical BB |
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examination of neck flexors with flexible spine
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normal - hed, cervical, mandible remain aligned
weak - juddering of madible anterior, cervical BB, no head control SCOM tightness - subcranial BB |
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Pectoralis Major MLT/stretch
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clavicular portion - 0-60deg
sternal portion - 60-90deg sternocostal - 90 and above |
