Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
common symptoms of diabetes mellitus
|
polydipsia
polyuria polyphagia weight loss fruity smell on breath (ketosis, DM I) Kussmaul's breathing (rapid, deep) |
|
|
definition of hyperglycemia
|
serum glucose > 200 mg/dl 2 hr post-prandial or random fasting glucose > 126 mg/dl
|
|
|
mechanism for dehydration that often accompanies diabetes
|
excess serum glucose is excreted in the kidneys, causing an osmotic diuresis
|
|
|
two types of diabetes insipidus
how to tell between the two? |
central DI and nephrogenic DI
administration of exogenous ADH (central DI will improve) |
|
|
a metabolic disorder of abnormal hyperglycemia secondary to an absence of insulin and/or to an abnormality in insulin secretion and utilization
|
diabetes mellitus
|
|
|
estimated % of people w/ diabetes that have been diagnosed
|
60%
|
|
|
peak age of incidence for DM Type 1
|
11-14 y/o
|
|
|
DM type 1 concordance in twins
DM type 2 concordance in twins |
50%
100% |
|
|
HLA types associated w/ DM type 1
|
DR3/DQ2 and DR4/DQ8
|
|
|
viruses associated w/ the etiology of DM type 1
|
mumps, congenital rubella, Coxsackie B4
|
|
|
circulatory markers of the autoimmune destruction of beta cells in type 1 diabetes include...
|
autoantibodies to insulin, islet cells, GAD, and some tyrosine phosphatases
|
|
|
classification of the small subset of DM 1 patients that do not have an autoimmune basis
how do they get it? what ethnicities are more frequently involved? |
idiopathic type 1 diabetes
strongly inherited Asians and Africans |
|
|
what patients typically get type 2 DM?
|
older, obese patients
|
|
|
diagnosis of type 2 DM is made by the finding of ___
|
fasting hyperglycemia
|
|
|
3 major chronic complications of diabetes
|
neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy
|
|
|
useful indicator of glycemic control
reflects an integrated assessment of glucose level over 2-3 months not helpful in establishment of diagnosis |
glycosylated hemoglobin (HGBA1C)
|
|
|
two skin diseases that may herald the diagnosis of DM
|
necrobiosis lipoidica and disseminated granuloma annulare
|
