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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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By the USDA dietary guidelines, should we be choosing energy-rich or nutrient-dense foods?
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nutrient-dense.
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A systematic process of obtaining, verifying and interpreting data in order to make decisions about the cause of nutrition related problems.
... what is this called? |
nutrition assessment
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What are the most common requests for out-patient MNT?
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Weight management
CVD risk reduction Diabetes management |
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What is reciprocal determinism?
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The dynamic interaction of the person, behavior, and the environment in which the behavior is performed
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If the pt has no intention of taking action w/i the next six months, by the trans-theoretical (stages of change) model what stage are they in?
intends to take action in the next 6 months? has changed behavior for less than six months? Intends to take action w/i the next 30 days and has taken some behavioral steps in this direction? |
precontemplation
contemplation action preparation |
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High fat / low CHO diets are often deficient in what micronutrients?
v. low fat diets are often deficient in what? |
vitamin E, vitamin K, thiamin, B6, folate, calcium, magnesium and fiber.
vit E, B12, and zinc. |
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Which of the following diets seemed to have the best effect on lipid profile: low-fat, mediterranean, or low CHO?
fasting G in diabetics? |
low CHO
mediterranean |
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What is ideally desirable for cholesterol lvls?
- even those this is the ideal lvls, what are the actual LDL goals for those with CHD/risk equivalents? 2+ risk factors? 0-1 risk factor? |
<100 LDL (>160 is high)
<200 total (>240 is high) >40 HDL <100, <130, <160 |
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Protein should account for ~ what % of total calories? CHO? fat?
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~15%; 50-60%, 25-35%
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T or F:
For every VLDL produced to export fatty acids, add. chol. is synthed in the liver. |
True.
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Excess body fat does what to VLDL production?
What does weight loss do to blood LDL lvls? |
promotes it.
lower them. |
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saturated fats are solid/liquid @ RT?
monosaturated fats (palmitoleic acid and oleic acid = macadamia nuts, olive oil, canolia oil, avacado, etc)? |
solid
liquid |
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Linoleic acid and g-linoleic acid are what types of lipids?
- effects on LDL? - promote/inhibit platelet aggre? - pro/anti inflamm? |
omega-6 fatty acids (liquid @ RT)
- lower - inhibit - might be proinflammatory |
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a-linolenic acid and eicosapentaenic acid (EPA) are what?
- effect on chol and triG? - platelet aggregation? - risk of sudden death? |
omega-3's.
- lowers both - inhibits - reduces |
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What is the keys formula?
What are counted as saturated fats? polyunsat? What effect do added monounsaturated fats often have? |
change in chol = 1.35 (2 (change in sat) - (change in unsat))
sat = 14:0 + 16:0 (not 18:0) + 18:1t + 18:2ct +18:2tt polyunsat = 18:2 + 18:3 + 20:5 (EPA) + 22:6 (DHA) often lower cholesterol because they replace saturated and trans fats |
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What is the resolution on linoleic acid, for now?
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AHA supports an omega-6 PUFA intake of at least 5% to 10% of energy in the context of other AHA lifestyle and dietary recommendations. To reduce omega-6 PUFA intakes from their current levels would be more likely to increase than to decrease risk for CHD
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What are plant sterols, and what do they do?
- 2-3g per day can have what effect on LDL? |
ß-Sitosterol, campesterol, sitostanol in vegetables and vegetable oils displace cholesterol from intestinal transporters and thereby reduce the absorption of cholesterol from bile (1000 mg/d) and food (0-1200 mg/d).
- lower it by 5-15% |
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HDL chol incr/decr in proportion to EtOH intake?
Still should limit EtOH to how much? |
increases.
~1 drink per day. |
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What do smoking, ASA use, and high intensity exercise to to antioxidant intake recommendations?
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increase the requirements slightly.
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What did the PHS II study find re: Vit E and C?
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No compelling evidence was found that either individual vitamin E or vitamin C reduces the risk of CVD.
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Viscous dietary fiber types lower LDL by how much?
- are they digestable by human enzymes? |
~6-7%
no. |
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Are recent findings supportive or dismissive of the homocyteine hypothesis?
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dismissive. reduction in Major vascular events concurrent w/ \homoC is not significant.
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- Reduce sat’d fat to < 7%
- reduce trans fats <1% - reduce chol <200 - add plant sterols 2gperday - add viscous fiber 5-10g/d - reduce BW by 7-10% Which of these can have the greatest single effect on LDL and CHD risk? In total, what effect do they all have? |
reduction in sat fat <7%.
<25% reduction in LDL lvls and CHD risk.bv |
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In addition to a low Na diet, what eating plan lowers BP?
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DASH eating plan:
4.5 cups of fruits/veggies 7-8 servings of whole-grains 2-3 servings dairy foods 1 s. nuts, seeds, dry beans |
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CVD risk ___x with each 20/10 mmHg BP increase.
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2x (doubles)
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