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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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experts estimate that ___ of all cancers could be prevented by following a healthy diet, being physically active, and maintaining a healthy body weight.
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1/3
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Butyrate, Diallyl disulphide, and sulphoraphane serve what nutrigenomic fx?
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Some nutrients can behave as histone deacetylase inhibitors and thus maintain DNA stability or enhance transcription
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(T/F)
Evidence indicates that subtle changes in exposure to bioactive food components (omega 3's, Vit D, retinoic acid (Vit A)) can have a significant effect on the differentiation of stem cells |
T
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Severe malnutrition hinders DNA repair. Specifically, low folate intake associated w/ low what? What does selenium induce?
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nucleotide excision repair.
base-excision repair |
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What are the two types of enzymes (and examples of them) used in carcingen metabolism?
- which catalyze activation? - which accomplish detoxification? |
phase I: cytochoromes, peroxidases, NAT
- catalyze phase II: acetyltransferases, glutathione-S-transferases, NADPH, etc. - detox |
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induction of phase II enzymes is mediated by what?
EtOH is a strong inducer of which phase? |
antioxidant response element, locatd in the promoter region of specific genes.
phase I enzymes. |
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Isothiocyanates (from cruciferous veggies) induced expression of what phase of enzymes?
Grapefruit juice affects which CYP? |
phase II detox enzymes.
CYP3A4 |
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Briefly, what are N-nitroso compounds?
- what reduces the risk from these compounds? |
bad shit from meat and also made in the body (stomach) can cause DNA adducts in colon cells.
- Vit C and other organic acids |
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What are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons?
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Produced in meat and fish that has been grilled (broiled) or barbecued (charbroiled) over a direct flame... also some other sources.
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What is the most important factor in Heterocyclic amine formation (HCA)?
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temperature @ which muscle meats are cooks.
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There is convincing evidence that aflatoxins (a type of mycotoxin) cause ___ cancer?
- foods they can be found in? |
liver.
- Commonly contaminated foods include grains (wheat, rice, corn, barley, oats); and legumes – especially peanuts (and peanut butter). Nuts and seeds may also be contaminated |
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Which vitamins are thought of as antioxidants?
Can Vitamin D suppress inflammation? |
E and C.
yes. |
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omega-3's _____ immunity, while omega-6's ____ it.
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enhance, suppress.
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Perillyl alcohol, limonene, and ellagic acid are found in what? What do they do?
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fruits
- slow excessive oncogene activity. |
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It's a known fact that low intake of some nutrients *increase* cancer risk. Does this mean that high doses protect better than adequate amounts?
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No.
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Does body fatness (esp abdominal) increase risk of cancers of the esophagus, pancreas, colorectum, breast, endometrium, and kidney?
- what is elevated in fat people? What does physical activity do to CRC risk? |
yes. convincingly so.
- insulin, IGF-1, leptin, increased sex steroid hormones.... basically just a chronic inflammatory state. convincingly decreases; probably decreases post-menopausal breast cancer risk too. |
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found esp in strawberries and raspberries - has shown the ability to prevent cancers of the skin, bladder, lung, esophagus and breast). Research suggests that it seems to utilize several different cancer-fighting methods at once:
it acts as an antioxidant; it helps the body deactivate specific carcinogens; it helps slow the reproduction of cancer cells. |
Ellagic acid
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Malnutrition is especially prevalent in pts with tumors at which sites?
- in these pts do they have significant weight loss *prior* to tx? |
pancreas, stomach, head/neck, esophagus, lung, colon/rectum
yes. |
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What impact does weight loss (even small amounts (5-10%)) have on cancer pts?
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Shorter survival
More likely to develop side effects related to cancer treatment And more likely to develop severe side effects More treatment breaks Reduced response to therapy In one study, patients with weight loss had a 43% increased risk of death |
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Which is superior: nutritional counseling, protein supplements, or no intervention re: cancer pt outcomes?
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nutritional supplements.
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Is nutrition intervention important during or after cancer tx?
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BOTH.
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