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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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fine crackles
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discontinuous, caused by airway opening, not clear by cough
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wheeze
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high pitched, whistling caused by airway narrowing during inspiration ex asthma
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rhonchi
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low pitch, snore-like caused by airway secretions and narrowing
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Dyspnea
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subjective senseation or a person's perception
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Chronic Obstructive plumonary disease COPD
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4th leading cause of death in US
-mostly from cumulative effects of smoking |
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Emphysema
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loss of lung elasticity
destruction of the aveolar walls resp acidiosis have trouple exhaling |
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emphysema manifestations
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dyspnea,
barrel chest |
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S&S of emphysema
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dyspena
prolong to exhale short activites |
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Chronic Bronchitis in adults COPD
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airway obstruction is caused by inflammation of major and small airways
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Chronic Bronchitis in adults COPD
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HX of chronic productive cough > 3 months duration for more than two consecutive years
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Clinical manifestation of COPD
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blue bloaters
have trouple exhaling they tend to have swelling they have increase resp rate |
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Diagnoisis of COPD
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Careful H and P
physical exam CXR |
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treatment of COPD
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early with antibiotics
they may be put on bronchodilators |
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treatment of COPD
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continous low-flow 1-2ml/min
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COPD
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ventilatory drive associated with hypoxic stimulation of the peripheral chemoreceptors doesnt occur until the arterial PO2 DECREASE to 60 mmhg or less >> the artieal PO2 less than 60 mmhg >> the hypoxic drive for ventilation >> hypoventilation and carbon dioxide retention
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Asthma
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obstructive airway disorder
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Asthma
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reversible
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causes of asthma
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excerise
emotional upsets respiratory infection drugs or chemicals |
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Manifestation of asthma
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expiratory wheeze
dyspnea secretion of mucous bronchial inflammation |
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Manifestation of asthma
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hypoxemia 3 signs
restlness tachcardia tachpnea |
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sequele of asthma
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PCO2 of 70 mmhg or bove
they gonna quit breathing |
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treatment of asthma
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avoid exposure to allerges
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medication for asthma
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short-act b2 adrenergic albuterol
bronchodilator long act theophylline = less need for routine inhalers |
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Cystic fibrosis
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they can't absorb sodium cloride
life mid 30s |
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Cystic fibrosis Dignoisis
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with sweat test cl-
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Cystic fibrosis treatment
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IV ABX
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Pneumothorax
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break in negative pressure between lung spaces, collapsed lung
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Pneumothorax
manifestations |
accumulation of air and fluid in the pleural space
2. respitory distree 3. unilateral chest expansion 4. tracheal deviation |
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tactile fremitus
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normally u should feel little or no fremitus in the lower chest
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trouble shooting chest tubes
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causes pneumothorax
tracheal devieation respiratory distress |
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tuberculosis
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attacks the lungs but can also attacks skin, joints, bones
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tuberculosis
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a person may contract plumonary tuberculosis from inhaling infected droplets from cough or sneeze by infected person
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tuberculosis
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high risk, homeless shelters, drugs
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tuberculosis signs and symptoms
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blood-tinged sputum-fever-night sweats-weight loss
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tuberculosis
treatment |
6 months of INH
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Caseous Necrosis
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the dead tissue is characterized by soft and white proteinaceous dead cell mass
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Bronchoscopy
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obtain specimens, remove mucous plug or foriegn bodies
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Pulmonary Embolism
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develops when blood-borne substances lodge in a branch of plumanry AA
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Bronchoscopy
complications |
Pulmonary Embolism
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S&S of pulomnary embolism
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chest pain
- unilateral chest expansion -hemoptysis |
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pulomnary embolism
risk factors |
hospitalized paitents
especially those who had abdominal surgery |
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pulomnary embolism
diagnostics |
CXR- safest but not most accurate
D-dimer lung scan |
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cor pulmonale
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right heart failure related to primary lung disease or plumonary hypertention
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cor pulmonale
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the increase pressure and work load >> right ventricular hypertrophy and eventual failure of the right ventricle
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S&S of cor pulmonale
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heart failure is an enlargment of the right ventricle due to high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs usually caused by chronic lung disease
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acute respiratory distress syndrome
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epithelial cell injury increase permeability of the alveolar capillary membrane
-tachypenia -edma-hypodemia |
