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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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pyriform sinuses
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spaces on the sides of larynx that can collect food. They raise up during swallow ,to esophagus opening, allowing bolus to enter esophagus
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penetration
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falls above level of vocal folds. can happen before, during, and after the swallow
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aspiration
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falls below the level of the vocal folds.
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oral preparatory stage
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no designated time, enjoyable stage, breaking down of food to form bolus
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oral stage
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bolus is transitioned to pharynx, 1 second, ends when bolus passes faucial pillers
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How airway is protected during swallow
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larynx moves up and forward, vocal folds close, epiglottis lowers over larynx
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compensatory treatment for delayed pharyngeal closure
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chin down and thermal stimulation
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compensatory treatment for reduced airway closure and reduced vocal fold closure
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chin down, head turn with chin down, super-supraglottic swallow
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compensatory treatment for reduced tongue base retraction
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chin down, effortful swallow, or combine two
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Causes of dysphagia
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neurogenic (Parkinson, stroke) mechanical (structural problems due to surgery radiation), psychogenic (mental)
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changes to swallow with aging
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swallowing slows, tongue strength decreases,
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Trigeminal nerve muscles for swallowing
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masseter, tensor veli palatini, mylohyoid, digastric, temporalis, pterygoid
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function of trigmenial nerve muscles for swallowing
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all stabilize jaw except tensor veli palatini closes nasopharynx
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facial nerve muscles
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buccinator, digastric posterior belly, stylohyoid, orbicularis oris, mentalis
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function of facial nerve muscles for swallowing
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buccinator- tighten cheek
stylohyoid- tongue base squeezes to propel bolus orbicularis oris- lip closure mentalis- pulls lips in |
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glossopharyngeal nerve muscles
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stylopharyngeus
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function of glossopharyngeal nerve muscles for swallowing
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helps bolus travel
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vagus nerve muscles
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palatoglossus, glossopharyngeal
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hypoglossal nerve muscles
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hyoglossus, styloglossus, genioglossus, geniohyoid, superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, transverse, vertical
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function if hypoglossal nerve muscles for swallowing
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all move tongue but geniohyoid helps open mouth
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Bedside screening
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identifies people at risk of dysphagia but does not identify the nature of the problem
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Signs of aspiration
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watering eyes, coughing, increased temperature, weight loss, pneumonia, dehydration
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Modified barium swallow study
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done in hospital with x-ray machine, patient swallows barium and continuous x-rays are taken. Given a side view of swallow
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FEES
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can be done at bedside, fiberoptic scope with light at end is placed in nostril giving an overview of swallow
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Age child is safe to oral feed from bottle
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34 weeks gestation age
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