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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The single largest organ of the body is the ________.
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skin
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What makes up the integumentary system?
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1. skin
2. hair 3. nails 4. glands |
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What is the primary function of the skin?
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to protect the body
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What are the functions of the integumentary system?
1 2 3 4 |
1. barrier against infections/injury
2. regulate temperature 3. remove waste from body 4. protect against UV radiation |
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List the two main layers of the skin:
1 2 |
1. epidermis
2. dermis |
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Beneath the dermis is a layer of subcutaneous fat called ____.
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hypodermis
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The outer layer of the skin is the ___________.
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epidermis
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What is the function of the two layers of the epidermis?
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1. outer layer - dead cells that act as protection
2. inner layer - live cells that produce more skin cells |
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The older cells become flattened and they begin to make _________, a tough, fibrous protein.
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keratin
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How often is the outer layer shed?
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4 to 5 weeks
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The epidermis also contains _________, which produces melanin.
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melanocytes
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What is the function of melanin?
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It is a dark brown pigment that protects the skin from UV rays.
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The inner layer of the skin is called the __________.
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dermis
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What does the dermis contain?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 |
1. collagen
2. blood vessels 3. nerves 4. glands 5. sensory receptors 6. smooth muscle 7. hair follicles |
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How does the blood vessels in the dermis help control temperature (homeostasis)?
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When it is cold, the blood vessels will narrow, and when it is hot, they will widen.
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Name the two main types of glands found in the dermis:
1 2 |
1. sweat glands
2. oil glands |
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What is another name for oil glands?
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sebaceous glands
seb-a-ceous |
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What is the function of the sweat glands?
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1. to cool the body
2. to get rid of waste |
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What is the function of the oil glands?
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1. to keep the skin flexible and waterproof
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Sebaceous glands produce ____ which is an oil secretion that keeps the skin flexible and waterproof.
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sebum
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Excessive exposure to UV rays will cause _______ ____.
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skin cancer
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The basic structure of human hair and nails is _________.
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keratin
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What is the function of hair?
1 2 |
1. protect the head from UV rays
2. prevent dirt and other particles from entering the body |
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Hair is produced by cells at the base of structures called __ ____.
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hair follicles
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__ ___ are tubelike pockets of epidermal cells that extend into the dermis.
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Hair follicles
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What causes hair growth?
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rapid cell growth at the base of the hair follicle
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Nails grow from an area of rapid dividing cells called the __ ___.
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nail root
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What is the function of the nail?
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to protect the tips of the fingers and toes
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In what ways is the growth of hair and nails similar?
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Both have an area of rapid cell division (hair follicle and nail root).
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