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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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____ are coded DNA instructions that control the production of proteins within the cells.
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Genes
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_______ molecules contain coded information for making proteins.
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RNA
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What are the 3 main differences between DNA and RNA?
1 2 3 |
1. Sugar is ribose instead of deoxyribose
2. Single-strained 3. Contains uracil instead of thymine. |
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Why is RNA considered a disposable copy of DNA?
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Because is a working copy of a single gene.
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What is the major function of RNA?
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to produce protein
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Name the 3 main types of RNA:
1 2 3 |
1. messenger RNA
2. ribosomal RNA 3. transfer RNA |
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RNA molecules that carry instructions are called _____ RNA.
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messenger
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Ribosomes are made up of proteins and __________RNA.
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ribosomal
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RNA molecules that transfer amino acids to ribosomes are called ___________ RNA.
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transfer
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____ is the copying of part of a DNA molecule into a complementary sequence in RNA.
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Transcription
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Transcription requires an enzyme called ____________.
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RNA polymerase
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How does the RNA poymerase work?
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1) binds to the DNA
2) separates the DNA 3) uses one strand of DNA to assembly the RNA |
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______ are signals in DNA that indicate to the enzymes where to bind to make RNA.
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Promoters
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_______ are nucleotides that are not involved in the coding of DNA.
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Introns
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The DNA proteins that do code for proteins are called ___.
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exons
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How is mRNA formed?
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The introns are cut out and the remaining exons are spliced together.
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Proteins are made by joining amino acids into long chains are called _________.
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polypeptides
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The "language" of mRNA instructions is called ___ ___.
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genetic code
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A ____ consists of three consecutive nucleotides that gives instruction to an amino acid to be added to a polypeptide.
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codon
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How many possible 3-base condons can you have?
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64
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The decoding of mRNA messages into protein chains is known as ________.
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translation
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Translation takes place in ____.
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ribosomes
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What happens during translation?
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1. RNA is released into the cytoplasm
2. The mRNA attaches to a ribosome. 3. The proper amino acid is brought into the ribosome. 4. The ribosome forms a peptide bond between the amino acids |
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Explain the difference between DNA and RNA?
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1. DNA is the masterplan, while RNA is the blueprint
2. DNA stays in the nucleus; RNA goes to ribosomes 3. DNA is never altered; RNA is edited |
