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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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_________ discovered the molecular nature of genes while studying the pneumonia bacteria.
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Griffith
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What was different about the two stains of bacteria?
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The disease-causing bacteria formed smooth colonies while the harmless strain produced rough-edged colonies.
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How did Griffith determine that the bacteria did not produce a poison?
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He heated the culture and found that it did not kill the mice.
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______ is the ability of one strain of bacteria to be changed into another strain of bacteria.
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Transformation
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What was the tranforming factor in the transformation process?
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Genes
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What did Avery discover about the heat-killed bacteria (disease-causing strain)?
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That the nuclei acid DNA stores and transmits genetic information from one generation to another.
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_____________ is a virus that infects bacteria.
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Bacteriophage
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What is bacteriophage composed of?
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DNA or RNA core and a protein coat.
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Why did Hershey and Chase use the radioactive isotopes of phosphorus-32 and sulfur-35 to determine what part of the bacteriophagus entered in infected cell?
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Because DNA contains no sulfur and protein contains no phosphorus- the isotopes would act as markers.
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What was the conclusion of the Hersey/Chase experiment?
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That the genetic material of the bacteriophage is DNA.
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What are the 3 critical things that genes are known to do:
1 2 3 |
1. carry info. from one generation to the next
2. determine the heritable characteristics of offspring 3. easily copied |
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DNA is a long molecule made up of units called _______.
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nucleotides
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Each nucleotide in DNA is made up of:
1 2 3 |
1. 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose)
2. phosphate group 3. nitrogenous base |
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What are the 4 kinds of nitrogenous bases in DNA?
1 2 3 4 |
1. adenine
2. guanine 3. cytosine 4. thymine |
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__________ and ________ belong to the group of compounds known as purines.
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Adenine and guanine
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___________ and _______ belong to the group of compounds known as pyrimidines.
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Cytosine and thymine
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How can you distinguish the purines from the pyrimidines in structure?
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The purines have two rings and the pyrimidines have one ring.
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The backbone of the DNA chain is formed by ____ and _________.
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sugar and phosphate groups.
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What is Chargaff's Rule?
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That guanine = cytosine and adenine = thymine
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What is important about the work Franklin did with the x-ray?
1 2 |
1. the x-shaped pattern suggest the helix shape
2. the shape suggest two strands |
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_________ and _______ used Franklin's x-rays to do what?
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Develop the double helix model of DNA. (two strands wound around each other)
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What is the holding the double helix ladder together?
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hydrogen bonds form between the nitrogenous bases, providing the attraction
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What did the hydrogen bonds explain?
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Why there are an equal number of adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine.
(Chargaff's Rule) |
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What is this pairing called?
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base pairing
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