Dvt Of The Upper Extremities

Front 1

DVT of the upper extremities
incidence

Back 1

10% of all cases of deep-vein thrombosis involve the upper extremities. 0.4=1 case/10,000

Front 2

Patient characteristics

Back 2

patients are typically younger, leaner, more likely to have a diagnosis of cancer, ess likely to have acquired or hereditary thrombophilia.

Front 3

Etiology

Back 3

repetitive microtrauma to the subclavian vein may cause inflammation, venous intima hyperplasia, and fibrosis

Front 4

Frequency of complications

Back 4

pulmonary embolism, recurrence at 12 months, and the post-thrombotic syndrome are all less frequent than in LE DVT

Front 5

Symptoms

Back 5

include discomfort, pain, paresthesias, and weakness in the arm

Front 6

signs

Back 6

Swelling, edema, discoloration, and visible venous collaterals are typical signs.

Front 7

The superior vena cava syndrome

Back 7

is manifested as facial swelling, headache, nausea, and dyspnea is usually caused by caval tumor infiltration

Front 8

Asymptomatic causes

Back 8

Routine screening has revealed thrombosis in up to two thirds of patients with central venous catheters26; the majority of patients with catheter-associated thrombosis27 or with venous obstructions caused by pacemaker leads28 have no suggestive symptoms or signs.

Front 9

Compression ultrasonography,

Back 9

is the preferred imaging test for patients with suspected deep-vein thrombosis of an upper extremity.

Front 10

D dimer

Back 10

has a low specificity. A value of 500 has a 100% sensitivity and a 14% specificity