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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Rule I
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If two vowels are separated by only one consonant, the consonant forms the beginning of the next syllable.
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moeten
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to have to
moe-ten |
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maken
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to make
ma-ken |
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zeuren
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to nag, whine
zue-ren |
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Rule II
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If vowels are separated by more than one consonant, the first syllable gets one consonant, the next syllable the rest.
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paarden
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horses
paar-den |
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dingen
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things
din-gen |
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wennen
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to get used to
wen-nen |
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venster
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window
ven-ster |
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enclave
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enclave
en-cla-ve |
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obstinaat
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onstinate
ob-sti-naat |
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Rule III
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A compound word consists of two or more separate words. We split the compound word at the boundaries between the original words, thus leaving the original words completely intact. We do the same with words that are derived from nouns or verbs: vergeetachtig = vergeet + achtig (forgetful = forget+ful)
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waarom
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why
waar + om (not: waa-rom) |
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meeteenheid
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unit of measurement
meet + een-heid (not: mee-teen-heid) |
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broodoven
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bread oven
brood + o-ven (not: broo-do-ven) |
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koopakte
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sales contract
koop + ak-te (not: koo-pak-te) |
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huurauto
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rental car
huur + au-to (not: huu-rau-to) |
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Rule IV
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"Ease of pronunciation" - The first three rules give us what we do in general, but if the second syllable starts with a sequence of consonants that is hard to pronounce, we place one (or more, if necessary) of the consonants at the end of the preceeding syllable. What a Dutch person may find impossible to pronounce, may not be a challenge for someone with a different mother tongue.
So what do the Dutch find difficult to pronounce? In Dutch, a syllable never starts with two identical consonants. They also consider combinations like rts, mbt, lfts, rwt or kt hard to prounounce. |
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koortsig
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feverish
koort-sig (not: koor-tsig) |
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ambtenaar
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civil servant
amb-te-naar (not: am-bte-naar) |
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Delftse
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from Delft
Delft-se (not: Del-ftse or Delf-tse) |
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erwten
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peas
erw-ten (not: er-wten) |
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startten
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(we) started
start-ten (not: star-tten) |
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markten
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markets
mark-ten (not: mar-kten) |
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The combination 'ch'
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This combination does not abide by the four syllable rules and is never separated.
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lachen
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to laugh
la-chen |
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richel
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ridge
ri-chel |
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zuchten
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to sigh
zuch-ten |
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krachten
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forces, energises
krach-ten |
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rechter
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judge
rech-ter |
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monarchie
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monarchy
mo-nar-chie |
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ch with the 4th rule
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If ch is enveloped by consonants (e.g. rcht) we place ch at the end of the preceding syllable.
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burchten
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fortresses
burch-ten (not: bur-chten) |
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Prefixes
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be-, er-, ge-, her-, ont-, ver-
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besturen
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to steer, to reign
be-stu-ren (not: bes-tu-ren) |
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gebruiken
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to use
ge-brui-ken (not: geb-rui-ken) |
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ontaarden
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to degenerate
ont-aar-den (not: on-taar-den) |
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Suffixes
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-isch or -ische, -thie or -thisch(e), -achtig
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Belgische
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Belgian
Bel-gi-sche (not: Bel-gis-che) |
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egoïstische
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selfish
e-go-is-ti-sche (not: e-go-is-tis-che) |
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sympathie
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sympathy
sym-pa-thie (not: sym-pat-hie) |
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empatische
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emphatic
em-pa-thi-sche (not: em-pat-his-che) |
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waarachtig
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truly
waar-ach-tig (not: waa-rach-tig) |
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reusachtig
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giant (-like)
reus-ach-tig (not: reu-sach-tig) |
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Dieresis
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If a vowel contains a dieresis, it forms the beginning of a new syllable.
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egoïstisch
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selfish
e-go-is-ti-sch |
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reëel
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real, realistic
re-eel |
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sympathieën
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sympathies, preferences
sym-pa-thie-en |
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altruïstisch
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al-tru-is-tisch
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Open double vowel
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A SYLLABLE NEVER ENDS IN A DOUBLE VOWEL
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Vowel combinations
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16
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Vowel combination (a)
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aai, ae, ai, au
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Vowel combination (e)
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ei, eeu(w), eu
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Vowel combination (i)
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ie, ieu(w), ij
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Vowel combination (o)
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oe, oi, oei, ou, ooi
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Vowel combination (u)
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ui
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