Duncombe Ap2 Lecture- Final

Front 1

The _______ is the predominant mechanism that voids the bladder in infants

Back 1

micturation reflex

Front 2

The concentration gradient that exists from the cortex to the medulla of the kidney is produced by the _______

Back 2

loops of juxtamedullary nephrons

Front 3

What part of the renal is lined with a simple cuboidal epithelium with prominent microvilli (brush border)?

Back 3

PCT

Front 4

When blood pressure drops, the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney secrete the enzyme renin, which indirectly results in:

Back 4

a stimulation of the sense of thirst

Front 5

The amount of solute that can be reabsorbed via the renal tubules may be limited by the number of:

Back 5

available transport proteins

Front 6

Fluid leaving the blood stream to enter the kidney tubules would first pass through the:

Back 6

fenestrae of the capillary endothelium

Front 7

Should blood pressure rise, one means of renal autoregulation would involve:

Back 7

constriction of the afferent arteriole

Front 8

In a normal person, almost all of the glucose in the filtrate is transported back into the body's cells in this area:

Back 8

PCT

Front 9

The collecting duct is able to concentrate urine mainly because:

Back 9

the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid in the medulla is higher than that in the cortex

Front 10

How does alcohol increase urine production?

Back 10

it inhibits ADH secretion

Front 11

This urinary disorder occurs commonly as a result of pregnancy:

Back 11

urinary incontinence

Front 12

It is unhealthy to find this substance in urine

Back 12

glucose

Front 13

The right kidney is lower than the left because of the space occupied by which other organ?

Back 13

liver

Front 14

What is the main structure holding the kidney against the back body wall?

Back 14

renal fascia

Front 15

The filtration of blood plasma that begins the process of urine formation occurs at:

Back 15

glomerulur capillaries

Front 16

A BUN is a:

Back 16

blood test which measures the levels of nitrogenous wastes in the plasma

Front 17

Urea is made in the:

Back 17

liver

Front 18

The last structure urine will pass through before exiting the body is generally the:

Back 18

urethra

Front 19

The mucosa of the bladder is composed of:

Back 19

transitional epithelium

Front 20

Which type of diabetes is a caused by hyposecretion of ADH?

Back 20

insipidus

Front 21

Which term describes excessive urine output?

Back 21

polyurea

Front 22

Urine pH usually ranges from _____ to ____ .

Back 22

4.5 to 8.2

Front 23

Aldosterone acts on the _____ to promote sodium and potassium secretion.

Back 23

distal tubule and collecting duct

Front 24

Peristalsis of the ureters causes urine to pass from the:

Back 24

kidney to the urinary bladder

Front 25

Most adults produce _____ liters of urine per day.

Back 25

1 to 2

Front 26

The GFR for males is:

Back 26

125 ml/min

Front 27

The first branch off of the renal artery is the:

Back 27

segmental artery

Front 28

There are at least ______ forms of diabetes.

Back 28

4

Front 29

ntidiuretic hormone acts on the _____ to promote water retention

Back 29

DCT

Front 30

And elevated BUN indicates an elevated level of _____ in the urine.

Back 30

nitrogenous wastes

Front 31

What condition may result from loss of proportional amounts of water and sodium?

Back 31

volume depletion

Front 32

What hormone can control water output independent of sodium?

Back 32

ADH

Front 33

Which hormone mimics the effect of aldosterone & causes women to retain water during pregnancy & certain phases of the menstrual cycle?

Back 33

estrogen

Front 34

Which buffer system accounts for three-quarters of all the chemical buffering of the body fluids?

Back 34

protein

Front 35

This hormone, produced by the hypothalamus, will stimulate the collecting ducts and the distal convoluted tubules to retain more water:

Back 35

ADH

Front 36

What condition would be most likely to stimulate aldosterone secretion?

Back 36

Hyponatremia

Front 37

Dehydration will most likely cause plasma to become:

Back 37

hypertonic

Front 38

An increase in blood pH would:

Back 38

favor the formation HCO3- in the tubule cells

Front 39

some important buffering systems in the body are:

Back 39

protein, bicarbonate, phosphate

Front 40

As Na+ is shifted into the blood from the filtrate, K+ is filtered out of the blood. This occurs in order to maintain:

Back 40

pH and electrolyte balance

Front 41

A constantly replenished source of bicarbonate ion is:

Back 41

carbonic acid produced from metabolic carbon dioxide and water

Front 42

Enhanced Na+ resorption as a result of aldosterone release will lead to:

Back 42

enhanced secretion of K+ from the blood to the tubule cells

Front 43

What causes long-term inhibition of thirst?

Back 43

decreased plasma osmolarity

Front 44

renal failure may cause:

Back 44

excess fluid volume

Front 45

The most common form of fluid sequestration is:

Back 45

edema

Front 46

A deficiency of potassium is called:

Back 46

hypokalemia

Front 47

This condition can cause hypokalemia:

Back 47

aldosterone hypersecretion

Front 48

This hormone promotes phosphate excretion:

Back 48

parathyroid hormone

Front 49

Metabolic acidosis is the result of lactic acid or ______ accumulation

Back 49

keytone

Front 50

_______ causes muscular weakness, depressed reflexes, and cardiac arrhythmia.

Back 50

Hypercalcemia

Front 51

Water gain from aerobic respiration and dehydration synthesis is referred to as:

Back 51

metabolic water

Front 52

______ acidosis can be corrected by the body and does not require clinical intervention.

Back 52

Compensated

Front 53

Hypotonic hydration may result in:

Back 53

cellular swelling, pulmonary edema, and cerebral edema

Front 54

The major cation of the ECF is:

Back 54

Na+