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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What allows H pylori to withstand the acidic environment in the stomach?
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Urease
breaks down Urea --> CO2 + Ammonium |
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What is special about the medium H pylori is grown on?
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It has a high concentration of CO2
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How is H pylori transferred from one person to another?
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Orally
Saliva, Vomit, Feces Also, contaminated food and water |
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Clinical Sx of H pylori infection...
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Abdominal Discomfort
Weight Loss Poor Appetite Bloating Burping N/V Causes Duodenal and Gastric Ulcers |
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H Pylori
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Gram NEGATIVE curved rod
Flagella at one end |
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Treatment for H pylori infection
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Abx and PPIs:
-Omeprazole + Metronidazole + Tetracycline + Bismuth Subsalicylate -Omeprazole + Amoxicillin + Clarithromycin |
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Pathogenesis of H pylori infection
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-Ingestion of H pylori
-Bacteria swim through mucus layer -Attach to mucus secreting cells and multiply -Causes inflammation -Effects ability to produce mucus -Increase in Gastric Acid and Pepsinogen results!!! |
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What are the primary cells in the Acute Phase of H pylori infection? What about the Chronic Phase?
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Acute Phase = Neutrophils
Chronic Phase = Lymphocytes/Plasma Cells |
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Virulence Factors associated with H pylori infection...
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-Motility
-Urease Enzyme -Outer membrane proteins (BabA) -Phospholipase A2 -Cytotoxin Associated Gene (CagA) -Vacuolating Cytotoxin (VacA) -Phase Variable genes |
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Diagnosis for H pylori infection and **the new/cheap way to test for it**?
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-serologies
-C13 urea breath test -**Fecal Ag testing** -Endoscopy -Culture -Biopsy |
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Common causes of foodborne illnesses?
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Staph aureus
Bacillus cereus Clostridium botulinum |
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Length of time to symptoms of foodborne illnesses and why?
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2-6 hours (d/t pre-formed toxins)
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Food associated with Staph aureus
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Mayo, chicken salad, etc
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Food associated with Bacillus cereus
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RICE!
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Food associated with C. botulinum
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Canned vegetables and meats
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Bacillus cereus (characteristics)
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Gram + spore forming rod
Aerobic Emetic Toxin present Resists Acidic pH Heat stable |
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Staph aureus
(characteristics) |
Gram + Cocci in Clusters
6 Ag types Resist gut enzymes and Acidic pH Heat stable |
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Pathophys to Staph Aureus
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Ingest enterotoxin
-> + Chemoreceptors in Gut -> + Afferent Nerves to Vomit Center |
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Clostridium botulinum
(characteristics) |
Gram + Spore forming rod
Ubiquitous in nature MOST potent Neurotoxins known to man |
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Clostridium botulinum Virulence
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8 Neurotoxins that PREVENT the release of ACh from Alpha Motor Neuron by inhibiting Synaptobrevin from docking vesicles to release ACh --> Muscle will NOT receive stimulation --> FLACCID PARALYSIS will occur
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Clostridium botulinum effects infants and adults differently - What is the infant disease?
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Infant infection --> d/t immature immune system
-Ingested spores will actually germinate in the intestines and produce an Exotoxin --> Generalized weakness (Floppy Baby Syndrome) and constipation results **Baby's should NOT ingest honey** |
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Clostridium botulinum effects infants and adults differently - What is the adult disease?
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Adult infection --> ingestion of potent neurotoxin via meat (fish) or canned foods --> early symptoms of N/V and dizziness will quickly lead to respiratory paralysis and death!
**Requires Antitoxin** |
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Clostridium tetanus virulence varies from Clostridium botulinum - how?
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-Clostridium tetanus causes CONTRACTION!
Tetanospasmin --> A and B toxins --> B toxin will create a channel to allow A Toxin to enter cytoplasm --> Toxin moves into CNS retrograde intraaxonal transport --> Enter perikaryon and PREVENT the release of inhibitory NTs (GABA and Glycine) by also effecting Synaptobrevin and the docking of vesicles in the presynaptic nerve |
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DOC for Clostridium tetanus
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Pencillin
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What causes Gall Bladder infection (mechanism)?
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d/t obstruction of gall bladder and resulting inflammation (DOES NOT cause the obstruction)
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Etiology of Gall Bladder infection...
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E coli
Klebsiella/Enterbacter Enterococcus |
