Duffy Us History, Early America

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Jamestown

Back 1

First settlement in Virginia, all men, almost failed, sold tobacco which led more people to come from England to settle the area.

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Mayflower Compact

Back 2

First document for self-government in the New World. Created by the Pilgrims before they got off the ship.

Front 3

Indentured Servent

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A person who's passage to the new world was paid for, in exchange this person had to work for a certain amount of time to pay off their debt. Most of the people in this system rarely lived long enough to become free

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House of Burgesses

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This was the first representative government created in the New World. Started in Virginia, people elected their representatives

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Pilgrims

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Left England because they were being persecuted for their religion. They had no intentions of ever returning to England.

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Puritans

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Left England because they felt that the church was not doing things the right way. They wanted to purify the church and be a "city upon the hill" for everyone to model themselves after. They were not very tolerant of other religions.

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Triangle Trade

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Term used to describe the exchange of goods and slaves that occurred between the Colonies, Africa and the Caribbean. This trade focused around sugar cane and slaves

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French and Indian War

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War fought in the colonies between the British and the French

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Proclamation Line of 1763

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After winning the French and Indian War, King George declared all land west of the Appalachian mountains was off limits. This angered the colonists.

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Enlightenment

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Period of time when philosophers and people began to believe in the idea that power should come from the people and that the King was not divine.

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Natural Rights

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Rights that are given to all people by god. Life, liberty, and property

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Reason

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Being able to explain why things happen with science

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John Locke

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creator of the Social Contract. Believed in Natural Rights

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Separation of Powers

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Government should be split into different branches so that no one branch would become too powerful

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King George III

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King of England. Colonist did not trust him and he greatly angered the colonies by placing troops and taxes upon them

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Taxation w/o Representation

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Motto of the colonists. They felt that they did not receive representation in government and the taxes were therefore not right.

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Olive Branch Petition

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The first Continental Congress sent this to King George in an attempt to reach a peaceful solution to their problems

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Common Sense

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Document written by Thomas Paine.

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Thomas Jefferson

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Writer of the Declaration of Independence

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Continental Congress

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Representative body created by the colonies

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Declaration of Independence

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July 4, 1776 document created by colonists announcing their break away from England.

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Articles of Confederation

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First form of government for the United States. This document had many weaknesses. No executive nor any way to raise taxes. It took 13 states to amend and 9/13 for a law.

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Northwest Territory

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Land that would later become Ohio, MIchigan, Wisconsin, Indiana etc.

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Northwest Ordinance

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Written by Thomas Jefferson, outlawed slavery in the NW Territories. Created a method by which each territory could become a state

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Federalism

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Division of government between the State and National level

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Federalists

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Those who supported the Constitutions

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Anti-Federalists

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Group who were against the Constitution b/c they feared it would give too much power to the federal government and therefore weaken the states

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Precedent

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Doing something for the first time

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Bill of Rights

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First 10 amendments to the Constitution

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Federalist Papers

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A bunch of documents written by those who supported the Constitution. Written to try to promote its passage

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Marbury v Madision

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Court case that created Judicial Review

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Ratification

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approval or passage

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Amendments

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method of changing the constitution

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Secession

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break away from the Union

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US Grant

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General for the North

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Abraham Lincoln

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16th President, during the Civil War, ended slavery

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Grievences

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Problems colonists had with the King

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Battle of Saratoga

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Turning point in the Revolutionary War. The Colonial victory proved to the French that they may be able to win. French now supported the Colonial cause

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Battle of Yorktown

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End of the Revolutionary War. Cornwallis was defeated by the Colonial Army. His surrender marked the end of the war.

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Article 1

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Legislative Branch- create/ make laws

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Article 2

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Executive Branch- enforce the laws

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Article 3

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Judicial Branch- interpret laws

Front 43

Connecticut Compromise

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Two house legislative branch, one based on population the other equal representation for each state.

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Judicial Review

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Ability of the Supreme Court to rule laws unconstitutional

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Whiskey Rebellion

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Group of Farmers in PA revolted against taxes on whiskey. George Washington with the US Army went and put down the rebellion. This showed that the new government did have the power and authority.

Front 46

Missouri Compromise

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Missouri would enter as a slave state and Maine as a free state. This kept the balance between slave and free states. Also said any state above 36' 30 was to be a free state. Any state below slave.

Front 47

Nullification

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States declare a federal law to be unconstitutional. South Carolina does this after a high tariff was put into place. Andrew Jackson sends a warship to SC to show that the federal government will stop SC. Eventually tariff is lowered, but SC still talks about leaving union.

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Manifest Destiny

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Head West!!! It is our responsibility as Americans to move west and expand.