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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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inferior courts
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the lower federal courts, beneath the Supreme Court
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constitutional courts
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court made up of 15 judges to serve short life term until 65 created after USSR
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special courts
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all courts in the judicial system that have limited appealiated jurisdiction power
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jurisdiction
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authority of a court to hear a case
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exclusive jurisdiction
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power of the federal courts alone to hear certain cases
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concurrent juristdiction
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power shared by federal and state courts to hear certain cases
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Plaintiff
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in civil law, the party who brings a suit or some other legal action against another (the defendant) in court
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Defendant
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in a civil suit, the person against whom a court action is brought by the plaintiff; in a criminal case, the person charged with the crime
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original jurisdiction
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power of a court to hear a case first, before any other court
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appellate jurisdiction
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the authority of a court to review decisions of inferior courts
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senatorial courtesy
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custom that the senate will not approve a presidential appointment opposed by a majority party senator from the state in which the appointee would serve
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judicial restraint
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decisions are based on grounds that have been previously been previously defined as judicial precedent rather than achieving public good
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judicial activism
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decisions are based on the grounds of achieving public welfare rather than judicial precedent
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criminal case
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a case in which a defendant is tried for committing a crime as defined by the law
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civil case
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a case involving a noncriminal matter such as a contract dispute or a claim of patent infringement
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grand jury
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formal device by which a person con be accused of a serious crime
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petit jury
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the jury of approximately 12 people that are in the court room during the hearing and decide guilty or not guilty
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court of appeals
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A court to which appeals are made on points of law resulting from the judgment of a lower court
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docket
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courts lists of cases to be heard
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judicial review
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the power of a court to determine the constitutionality of a governmental action
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Writ of certiorari
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an order by a higher court directing a lower court to send up the record in a given case for review
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certificate
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a method of putting a case before the Supreme Court; used when a lower court is not clear about the procedure or rule of law that should apply in a case and asks the Supreme court to certify the answer to a specific question
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Majority opinion
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officially called the opinion of the court; announces the court’s decision in a case and sets out the reasons upon which it is based
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Precedent
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court decision that stands as an example to be followed in future, similar cases
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concurring opinion
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written explanation of the views of one or more judges who support a decision reached by a majority of the court, but wish to add or emphasize a point that was not made in the majority decision
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Dissenting opinion
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written explanation of the views of one or more judges who disagree with a decision reached by a majority of the court
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Redress
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satisfaction of a claim payment
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Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
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exercises worldwide appellate jurisdiction over members of the military of the United States on active duty and other persons subject to the Uniform Code of Military Justice.
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Courts martial
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a court composed of military personnel, for the trial of those accused of violating military law
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Civilian tribunal
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a court operating as part of the judicial branch, entirely separate from the military establishment
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Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims
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exercised worldwide appellate jurisdiction over veterans and their claims
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