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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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¨Obesity-related conditions include: |
CVD Stroke Type2 diabetes Certaintypes of cancer |
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¨When energy intake exceeds energyexpenditure , fat cells will |
build up w/ triglycerides & expand
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¨Fat cells ↑ most rapidly during |
the growing years
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¨Cells may decreaseinsize BUT |
NOT in #’s
**Thisis the MAINreason ppl gain back weight they lost |
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Lipoproteins Lipase (LPL) is an enzyme that |
hydrolyzes TG: promotes the storage of fat in: Adipose & muscle cells |
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More fat cells we have, more |
LPL activity in fat cells
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Obese ppl have MORE LPL activity in fat cells than |
lean ppl |
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LPL activity regulated by |
Hormones: Testosterone + Estrogen |
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High amount of LPL activity will |
cause fat to accumulate |
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People easily gain wt after losing it b/c |
they are battling the enzyme that want to store fat (LPL) |
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Set Point Theory= |
Where body feels most comfy. -internal thermostat |
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Cuase of Obesity: GENETICS -If both parents are obese= ¤If neither parent is obese = |
¨Genetics and Obesity Links Ifboth parents are obese=80% chance child obese ¤Ifneither parent is obese = 10% chance |
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LEPTIN = |
Is aprotein produced by fat cells under the direction of the obesity gene |
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ØResearchershave identified an ObesityGene (OB) that is released into the fat cells &has ____ |
the protein Leptin on its surface.
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¨Adipose cells secrete the protein |
Adiponectin
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Adiponectin= |
¨it correlates inversely with body fat. |
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Who has higher amounts of Adiponectin? |
Lean ppl |
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Benefits of Adiponectin |
¤Inhibitsinflammation ¤Protectsagainst insulin resistance, type 2 DM and CVD ^^ALL related to Obisity |
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GHRELIN= |
¨A protein made by stomach cells that^^appetite & decreases energy expenditure -triggers desire to eat |
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Ghrelin- blood levels typically ↑ before a meal |
& ↓after a meal in relation to what was consumed
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Adiponectin: (protein) Where concentrated? Secreted from? Action? |
-Lower in obesity -Adipose tissue -^^ insulin sensitivity |
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Ghrelin: (pro) Where concentrated? Secreted from? Action? |
-Increase with fasting, decrease after meal -from Stomach -Starts appetite |
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Ghrelin: (pro) Where concentrated? Secreted from? Action? |
-Higher in obesity -form Adipose tissue -stops appetite, increases energy expenditure |
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What also contributes to obesity? |
TV |
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COME BACK |
Come back Let's see |
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¨Healthcare professionals use three indicatorsto determine health risks associated with obesity |
BMI Waistcircumference Diseaserisk profile |
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BMI Waist circumference Disease risk profile |
Picture slide 3 |
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Weight Cycle |
slide 31 |
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FadDiets donot work BUT |
Provide lifestyle changes May mention of PA Wellbalanced complete meals |
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¨Whenthe health benefits are obvious (when to encourage a healthy lifestyle) |
¤DM ¤HD ¤Osteoarthritis |
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Ephedrine containing supplements |
¨Problem: ¤Heartattacks ¤Seizures ¤Linkedto ~100 deaths |
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HerbalProducts: ¨Current laws: |
=Donot require manufactures of “dietary supplements” to test for Safety& Effectiveness Must check for interactions! |
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Herbal Laxative “Dieters' Tea” |
Nutrientsare absorbed in the small intestines -Laxativeswork on the large intestines -Laxativesdo not ↓calorie consumption or ↓nutrient absorption |
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Herbal Laxative “Dieters' Tea” May cause? |
Nausea/Vomiting/Diarrhea Cramping Fainting Linkedw/ several deaths |
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What drug is Sibutramine? |
suppressesone’s appetite by ↓ theuptake of serotonin |
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What is Seratonin? |
¤Aneurotransmitter which helps regulate: sleep/appetite/sensoryperception Suppressesappetite & creates a feeling of fullness Worksbest with a reduced calorie diet & and ↑in PA |
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Orlistat (another med.) Function - |
picture slide 45 |
