Dte 121: Exam 2 Ch 4 (Carbs, Sugar, Starches And Fiber)

Front 1

Carbs made up of

Back 1

C, H, O
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

Front 2

3 types of carbs

Back 2

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides

Front 3

Monosaccharides (3 types)

Back 3

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
ALL same # of atoms but diff. arrangement

Front 4

:
Glucose aka

Back 4

Aka blood sugar
• MAIN energy source

Front 5

Fructose

Back 5

-The sweetest of sugars
-has diff. Structure

Front 6

Galactose

Back 6

Happens naturally as simple sugar

Front 7

Disaccharides made by ______ of 2 monosaccharides

Back 7

By Condensation. : creation of Disaccharide.

Front 8

Disaccharides (3 types)

Back 8

Maltose
Sucrose
Lactose

Front 9

:
1: how is Maltose made

Back 9

Glucose + Glucose

Front 10

:
2. How is Sucrose made

Back 10

Fructose + glucose
(Table sugar)

Front 11

:
3) How is Lactose made

Back 11

Galactose and Glucose

Front 12

Hydrolysis

Back 12

Break down of disaccharide

Front 13

Complex CHO (3 types)

Back 13

Glycogen
Starches
Fiber

Front 14

:
1.Glycogen

Back 14

Found only in meats and not all plants

Front 15

:
2. Starches
-Come from?

Back 15

Long chain of molecules
Come from food :
Grains
Potato
Legumes
Corn

Front 16

:
3. Fiber

Back 16

Found in all plant derived food

Front 17

::
Dietary fibers include (can be digested)

Back 17

Cellulose
Hemicellulose
Pectins
Guns
Mucilages

Front 18

::
Non polysaccharide include (CANNOT be digested)

Back 18

Lignins
Cutins
Tannins

Front 19

TYPES OF FIBER

Back 19

Solubles
Insoluble

Front 20

Solubles

Back 20

I digested food component, dissolves in water

Front 21

:Solubles good includ

Back 21

Oat
Barley
Legumes citrus
Pectin from food

Front 22

Benefits of soluble diber

Back 22

Lowers cholesterol and lower BG

Front 23

Insoluble

Back 23

Does not digest in water

Front 24

Insoluble fiber found in

Back 24

Whole grain (bran)
Veggies (corn celery)

Front 25

Insoluble fiber helps with

Back 25

Bowel movement
-eliminates constipation

Front 26

:
Resistant starch
-what are some sources of ^^

Back 26

Starches that escape digestion and absorption in the SI
-Sources: legumes, raw potatoes, in ripe bananas

Front 27

:Phytic Acid

Back 27

Non nutrient component of plant seeds
-ex flax seeds

Front 28

Benefits if Fiber

Back 28

HD: Heart Disease
-Solubles, lowers Chol

DM: Diabetes
-decrease glucose surge

GI Health:
-stool movement = no constipation

CA: protects against Colon Cancer

WT Control: feeling of fullness
-fiber foods low in fat/less add sugars

Front 29

Fiber recommendation of
DV:
DRI:
ADA:
UL:
Us Avg:

Back 29

DV:25 g
DRI:14g/100kcal
ADA: 20-35g
UL: 40g
Us Avg: 15g
KEY: ^^ slowly, add water

Front 30

CHO DIGESTION: mouth

Back 30

Food seconds in mouth
Salivary glands produce saliva
-Hydrolyzes starch to smaller polysaccharide and disaccharide

Front 31

CHO DIGESTION: Stomach

Back 31

Stomach acid starts salivary amylase
-stops starch digestion

Front 32

CHO DIGESTION:SI
Pancreas make-

Back 32

CHO Digestion occurs
-It makes pancreatic amylase released by pancreatic duct

Front 33

Disaccharide enzymes breakdown to monosaccharides:
Maltase ->
Sucrase ->
Lactase ->

Back 33

Maltase -> GLU + GLU
Sucrase -> GLU + FRU
Lactase -> GAL + GLU

Front 34

CHO DIGESTION : LI
Time that all sugars and most starches are digested?

Back 34

Within 4 hrs
-Fiber stays in tract and attracts water
It also binds with bile, CHOL and some minerals

Front 35

Id not enoug glucose than body uses other sources. This is called_____

Back 35

Gluconeogenesis

Front 36

Protein sparing action =

Back 36

Action if CHO and fat to provide energy that allows PRO to be used for other sources

Front 37

Not enough carbs. _____will form from fat fragments

Back 37

Ketone bodies

Front 38

Ketosis=

Back 38

= High concentration of leone bodies in blood and urine

Front 39

Carbs needed for protein sparing and prevention of ketosis

Back 39

Minimum : 50-100 g/day

Front 40

Goal of blood glucose is

Back 40

Maintain homeostasis (happy level)

Front 41

:____ is key to let glucose enter into cells

Back 41

Insulin

Front 42

____ and _____ being glucose out of storage

Back 42

Glucagon and epinephrine

Front 43

Blood Glucose Hormones:
Insulin =
Secreted by _____due to____

Back 43

= Secreted by beta cells in pancreas due to High BG
ROLE : control transport of glucose

Front 44

CHO DIGESTION : LI
Time that all sugars and most starches are digested?

Back 44

Within 4 hrs
-Fiber stays in tract and attracts water
It also vida with bike, CHOL and sown minerals

Front 45

::
Glucagon

Back 45

Made by beta cells in pancreas due to LOW BG

Front 46

:: Epinephrine

Back 46

Made by adrenal gland, starts stress

Front 47

Insuline is either inadequate (not enough) or defficient
Type 1 Diabetes->
Type 2->

Back 47

Type 1-> not enough insoluble production
Type 2-> not responding to insulin

Front 48

Hypoglycemia=

Back 48

Low BG

Front 49

Glycemic response

Back 49

How quick food will ^^ BG

Front 50

Effects of sugar

Back 50

Dental caries

Front 51

Recommended intake of Sugar:
DRI-
WHO (world health Org.) & FAO-
AHA (Ame. Heart. Asso.)-
US now-

Back 51

DRI- nope than 25% days total energy
WHO (world health Org.) & FAO- < 10% of kcals
AHA (Ame. Heart. Asso.)- 6 tsp women & 9 tsp men
US now- 105 lbs added sugar/ yr or 30 tsp/day

Front 52

Moving from digestion to absorption:
Most absorption happens in? And by which transport?

Back 52

In the SI
Active : glucose and galactose(needs carrier + energy)
Facilitated: Fructose (needs carrier)

Front 53

:: once absorbed, monosaccharides go to LV via?

Back 53

Via hepatic portal vein

Front 54

::
In liver galactose and fructose gets converted to?

Back 54

Glucose

Front 55

Lactose intolerance due to lack on?
% of ppl can digest lactose?

Back 55

Lactase (enzyme)
-30%

Front 56

:: Symptoms of intolerance
-highest in what ppl?

Back 56

Bloating, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort
-Highest in SE Asians, Native Ame. African A.

Front 57

:; Most people tolerate (amount)?

Back 57

6g of lactose = 1/2 cup

Front 58

:: Aware: ___% of prescription and over counter mess have lactose as filler

Back 58

20%

Front 59

Recommendation for Sugar:
DRI-
WHO (world Healrh Org.) & FAO-
AHA (Ame. Heart. Asso)-
US now -

Back 59

DRI- no more than 25% of days total kcal

WHO (world Healrh Org.) & FAO- < 10% of kcal

AHA (Ame. Heart. Asso)- 6 tsp women, 9 tsp men

US now - 105 lbs added sugar per year OR 30 tsp a day

Front 60

Alternative sweetener
Sugar alcohols/ Polyols=
Side effects-

Back 60

Natural (fruits) or produced
-Not absorbed in mouth, not much in SI
Side effects -gas, discomfort, laxative effect
-no dental caries

Front 61

Alternative sweeteners

Back 61

-Artificial sweeteners (no nutrients)
-Stevia -herbal product

Front 62

1 oz of grain = ____g of carbs

Back 62

15g

Front 63

Vegatavles

Back 63

Are starch content

Front 64

Fruits have what carbs?

Back 64

Fructose

Front 65

Meat and meat alternatives have_____carbs

Back 65

NO CARBS
B.c. Glycogen gets destroyed