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304 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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txt for MI due to cocaine OD
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1. Ativan ( lorazepam)
2. CCB: BP control |
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absence of thymic shadow on newborn chest xray
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SCID or Di Georges
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post op pt has poor urine output, 85, CRT 3 and clear lungs, what is next step in management?
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IV Fluids
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vaccines CI in HIV pts
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yellow fever
varicella polio PO Intranasal influenza BCG Anthrax typhoid PO |
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vaccines that are a must in HIV pt
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Hep B
Strep Pneumo Influenza |
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next step for pt w/ severe asthma exacerbation and low O2 sat despite meds
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supplemental O2; must keep O2 Sat > 92%
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indications for intubation
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O2 sat < 92%
unable to talk AMS |
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most common food born bacterial GI tract infection
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Salmonella
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presentation of pt with hyperprolactinemia
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hypogonadism ( low estrogen levels); low libido, impotence, infertility
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lab changes in pt with hyperaldosteronism
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hypoK
hyperNa met alkalosis inc 24 hr urine aldosterone |
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opiod od
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naltrexone, naloxone
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heparin OD
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protamine sulfate
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Benzodiazipine OD
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flumazenil
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Barbituate OD
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NaBicar to acidify the urine; Dialysis
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Carbon Monoxide OD
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100% O2
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type of oral contraceptive can be given to lactating women
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progestin only
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def of primary ammenorhea
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absence of menses at age 16 w/ normal 2nd sex characteristics or age 13 w/ no 2nd sex characteristics
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androgen insensitivity syndrome
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46 xy
phenotypically normal female w/ rudamentary vagina no uterus, fallopian tubes, have testes --> labia majora |
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touch vibration and pressure sensation; 2 point discrimination, proprioception
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dorsal columns
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voluntary motor command from motor cortex to body
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lateral corticospinal
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pain and temp
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spinothalmic
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motor comman from motor cortex to head/neck
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corticobulbar
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ant 2/3rd tongue
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CN 7
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post 1/3rd tongue
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CN 9
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contralateral hemibalismus
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subthalmic nuclei
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eyes look toward side of lesion
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damage to frontal eye fields
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eyes look away from lesion
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PPRF
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paralysis of upward gaze
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superior colliculi
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coma
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RAS
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personality changes
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frontal cortex
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resting tremor
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basal ganglia
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intention tremor
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cerebellar hemisphere
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poor repitition
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arcuate fasciculus
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CN for muscles of masication, sensation of face
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CN V
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most common organisms causing meningitis in kids < 1mo and txt
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Group B strep
Ecoli Listeria - amp/gent or amp + cefotaxime |
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cause of meningitis 1 mo-60 yo
txt: |
strep pneuomo; n meningitis
- cefotaxime/ceftriaxone; vancomycine, dexamethsone IV ( if over > 6mo) |
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cause of meningitis > 60yo , alcoholism, or cormobidities
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strep pneumo; listeria, n mein; gram - bacilli
ampicillin ( listeria); cefotaxime, vanco, dexamethasone |
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txt for viral meningitis
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NSIADs, acetaminophen, fluids, empiric abx until bacterial is r/o
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txt for tension h/a
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NSAIDs, ( ketorolac)
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txt for cluster h/a
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100 % O2 and triptan or DHE
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txt for migraine
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triptan or DHE, or antiemetics
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propholaxis for migraine
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BB; CCB; TCA ( amitriptilline); NSAIDs, Valproic acid
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h/a occurring before or after orgasm
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post coital cephalgia
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trauma to head --> h.a begins days after event persists for over a week and doesnt go away
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subdural hematoma
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1st line for psudotumor cerebri
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acetazolamide ;
invasive: LP, optic Nerve sheath decompress; shunting; |
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inciting events for pseudotumor cerebri
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Vit A excess; tetracyclines; withdrawal from steroids
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CSF findings in bacterial meningiis
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WBC: elevated ( PMN)
Glucose : dec Protein : inc Pressure: inc |
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CSF in viral meningitis
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WBC: elevated lymphs
glucose: normal protein:normal pressure: high |
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CSF in TB/fungal
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WBC: lymphs
glucose: dec; protein:elevated; pressure: elevated |
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txt for SAH
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d/a all anticogaulants;
systolic BP <150 labetalol and nimodipine surgical clipping or coiling |
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txt for febrile seizures
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acetaminophen , NSAIDs
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CT scan of head shows lacunar infarct
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subdural hematome
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txt for subdural hematoma
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burr hole evacuation
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS)
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corticospinal AND ventral horn
- spastic and flaccid paralysis |
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poliomyelitis
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ventral horn ; flaccid paralysis
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tabes dorsalis
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dorsal columns
impaired proprioception |
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spinal artery syndrome
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corticospinal tract, spinothalmic, ventral horn, grey matter
- dorsal column spared!!! |
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vitamin B12 def
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dorsal columns and corticospinal
- loss of proprioception, touch, vibration; bilateral spasticity LE>UE |
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Brown Srquard
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all tracts on one side of cord;
ipsilateral loss of vibration; ipsilatral spastic paresis; ipsilateral flaccid paralysis, contralateral loss of pain and temp |
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status epilepticus txt
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IV benzo and phenytoin
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fluoxetine,
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SSRI 1st line for depression, anxiety d/o
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sertraline
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SSRI 1st line for depression, anxiety d/o
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paroxetine
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SSRI 1st line for depression anxiety d/o
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citalopram, escitalopram
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SSRI: 1st line for depression, anxiety d/o
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SE of SSRI
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req 3-4 wks before start to work
sexual dysfunction decrease platelet aggregation inc risk of suicide in adolescents |
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venlafaxine, sibutramine
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SNRI: 1st line depression with comorbid neurologic pain
s/e: HTN |
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duloxetine
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SNRI: 1st line depression with comorbid neurologic pain
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s/e SNRI
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HTN; Nausea, dizziness, sedation, constipation
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imipramine
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TCA
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amitriptyline
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TCA
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desipramine
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TCA
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nortriptyline
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TCA
least anticholinergic s/e |
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s/e TCA ( imipramine, desipramine, nortriptyline)
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fatal if OD ( QT prolongation) ;
sexual dysfct anticholingeric symptoms |
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phenelzine
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MAOI- 1st line atypical depression
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isocarboxazid
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MAOi 1st line atypical depression
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tranylcypromine
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MAOi 1st line atypical depression
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selegiline
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MAOi 1st line atypical depression
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s/e MAOi
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dizziness, food with tyramine lead to htn crisis; dry mouth, indigestion,
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buproprion and S/e
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NDRI: for depression with fatigue and difficulty concentrating
h/a, insomnia, wt loss |
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trazadone
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depression with insomnia
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s/e trazadone
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sedation; hypotention, nausea, seizure at high dose
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mirtazipine
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block Alpha 2 receptors and seratonin receptors
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s.e mirtazipine
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dry mouth, wt gain, sedation
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medical conditions causing depression
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hypothyroidism
parkinsons stroke hyperparathyroidism CNS neoplasms Pancreatic cancer |
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meds that can cause depression
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methyldopa,
steroids alpha interferon 1st gen antipsychotics stimulant w/d sedatives |
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NT changes in Anxiety
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↑ NE ↓ GABA, ↓seratonin
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NT changes in Depression
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↓ NE, DA, seratonin
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NT changes in Mania
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↑ NE , Seratonin
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NT changes in Alzheimer
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↓ Ach ( dont give anticholinergics)
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NT changes in Huntingtons
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↓ Ach, GABA
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NT in Schizophrenia
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↑ DA,
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NT in parkinsons
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↑ Ach ↓ DA
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SIGECAPS
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- need at least 5 for > 2 wks including depressed mood or anhedonia
- loss of sleep loss if interest guilt lack of energy dec concentration psychomotor agitation loss of appetite suicidal ideations |
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blood in urethral meatus, high riding prostate
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urethral injury, bladder rupture
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muscle rigidity, fever, rhabdo in a schizophrenic pt
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NMS
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bilious emesis in newborn w/in hrs of feeding
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duodenal atresia
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stress incontinence
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kegels, estrogen ( PO or creme); pessery
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mcc htn in women
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OCP
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mcc seizures in children ( 2-10yo)
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febrile, infections, trauma, idiopathic
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+ PANCA
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pauci immune glomerulonephritis, churgg strauss, microscopic polyangitis
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painless puritic papule, with regional lymphadenopathy evolving over 7-10 dys into a necrotic ulcer with black eschar
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anthrax
txt: penicillin, doxy |
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hernia with highest risk of incarceration
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femoral
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aplastic anemia with thumb probs, diffuse, hypo hyper pigmentaion, cafe au lait spots, short stature
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fanconi anemia
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cradle cap
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sebborheic dermatitis
txt: selenium shampoo |
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glomerulonephritis w/ deafness
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alport syndrome
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dx test of choice for PE
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CT scan with contrast ;
if pt with renal disease --> VQ scan |
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herald patch in xmas tress distribution
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ptyriasis rosacea
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clozapine,
risperidone olanzapine sertindole quetiapine ziprasidone palperidone |
Atypical Antipsychotics- block Da receptors;
1st line drugs for psychotic d/o less EPS s/e |
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clozapine s.e
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agranulocytosis
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haloperidol, droperidol, fluphenazine, thiothixene
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-High potency typicals AP - block DA receptors
-can be used for acute psychosis -more EPS, less anticholinergic |
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s/e of high potency
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EPS >> , TD, anticholinergic s/e; NMS
EPS>> Antichol s/e |
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trifluoperazine, perphenazine
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medium potency typicals -block DA receptors
- can be used in pt with EPS and ANticholineergic se from other AP |
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thioridazine, chlorpromazine
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low potency typicals - block DA receptors
less EPS, more Anticholinergic se |
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txt for negative symptoms
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atypical AP ( clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, quetiopine, ziprasidone, palperidone)
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time frame for TD vs EPS when taking AP
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TD: months after use
EPS: 4 days - 4 months |
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txt for acute dystone ( torticollis, sustained contractions of neck muscles) - common w/ high potency AP use
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diphenhydramine
benztropine |
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txt for bipolar do in pt with renal fialure
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valproic acid, carbamazipine
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txt for OCD
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SSRI
clomipramine |
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s/e of olanzapine
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wt gain, DKA
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txt for mania with psychosis
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atypical AP, haldol
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Seratonin SYndrome
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autonomic instability
ocular clonus ( horizontal eye mvt AMS |
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txt for Seratonin Syndrome ( SS)
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d/s agents; supportive are . sedate with benzodiazipine
if high temp: cooling blankets, ice, wet blankets if agitation despite benzo: cyproheptadine) |
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drugs to avoid with SSRI: fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, citalopram,escitalopram ( risk of SS)
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SNRI- venlafaxine, duloxetine, nefazaone, sibutraline, minacipram
MAOi- phenelzine, tranylcypromine, selegeline, st johns wort tryptophan |
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TCA OD
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If QRS > 100ms: NA Bicarb
if seizures : Benzodiazipines DO NOT give phenytoin |
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Buproprion CI
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eating D/o
seizure d/o |
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indications for ECT
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depression refractory to meds
severe suicidality depression with food refusal pregnancy schizo/psychosis medical condition preventing use of meds ( elderly) |
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S/E lithium
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CNS, depression, tremor
thyroid, nephrogenic DI GI ( metallic taste, N/V/D) |
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txt for nephorgenic DI due to LIthium toxicity
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HTZ and amilloride
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txt for depression in pt with bipolar d/o
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lithium, lamotrigene
DONT ADD ANTIDEPRESSANT TO mood stabilizer |
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MDD criteria
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5 symptoms w/ depressed mood or anhedonia < 2 wks
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Dysthymic DO criteria
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at least 2 yrs of depression + 2 symptoms
txt: psychotherapy initial |
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bipolar I
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depression + 1 mania ( at least 1 wk of elevated mood)
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bipolar II
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depression + hypomania ( at least 3 dys)
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cyclothymia
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cyling of hypomania and mild depression > 2 yrs
txt: psychotherapy, mood stab |
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adjustment d/o
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mood changes within 3 mo of a stressful event and disappear 6 mo after stressor is removed
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increased incidence of panic do in pts who have
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mitral valve prolapse
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txt tardive dyskinesia
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d/c agent; switch to an atypical AP ( risperidone, clozapine)
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txt for OCD
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psychotherapy
SSRI clomipramine |
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GAD
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persistent anxiety at least 6 mo
txt: psychotherapy, SSRI, venlafaxine, buspirone |
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schizophrenia
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2 or more symptoms or , symptoms at least 1 month , or impaired social fct at least 6 mo
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schizophreniform
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last >1 mo and < 6 mo
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schizoaffective
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mood d/o + psychosis ;
need psychotic symptoms during normal mood for at least 2 wks |
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delusional d/o
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have realistic delusions at least 1 month ;
if unrealistic --> schizophreniform or schizophrenia |
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brief psychotic do
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symptoms last less than 1mo
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shared psychosis
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2nd patient becomes involved
txt: groups psychotherapy, separate patients |
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bereavement
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-grief after death of a loved one
-can last up to 6 mo -DO NOT affect ability to fct |
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Hallmark of parkinson disease
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resting tremor
bradykinesia postural instability; rigidity |
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Parkinson txt
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Dopamine agonists ( levodopa + carbidopa)
bromocriptine, amantadine) |
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ALS
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asymettricweakness in face, hands fingers, pelvic gridle with NORMAL sensation;
UMN and LMN signs cognitive defects ( frontotemporal executive dysfunction) |
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UMN signs
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spasticity, increased DTR, babinski,
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LMN signs
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decreased tone, Dec DTR, neg babinski, fasciculations
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txt ALS
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riluzole ( may slow progression)
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Huntingtons (remember the 6 C's)
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AD: CAG repeat d/o on chr cuatro ( 4)
Caudate and putaman atrophy on MRI aCh decrease GABA dec Crazy ( dementia) Choreoform mvt Curenta ( 40 yo) - age of onset |
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txt huntington
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DA antagonists ( haloperidol, risperidol, tetrabenazine)
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Alzhemiers
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MCC of dementia;
short term mem loss, confusion, CT: cortical atrophy Txt: cholinesterase inhibi ( donepizil, rivastigme, galantamine, memantine) |
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lung cancer + muscle weakness
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lambert eaton
-small cell |
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forgetfullness + decreased bilateral parietal lobe activity on PET
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alzheimers
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most sensitive test for MS
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MRI of head of SC
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which meds dec freq of relapses in MS
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interferon B
glatiramate |
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mech of action of the preferred med for Restless Leg syndrome
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DA agonists
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test used to confirm the mcc of syncope
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mcc is vasovagal syncope
tilt table testing to confirm diagnosis |
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Sleep pattern in Stage 1
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light sleep
fast theta waves |
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sleep pattern in stage 2
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int sleep
spindles and k complexes |
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pattern in stage 3 and stage 4
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deep sleep - delta waves
low freq, high amp |
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REM
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q 90-120 min
dream, low voltage, high freq, low amp |
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most common primary brain tumor in adults
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MGM Studio
mets glioblastoma multiforme meningioma schwanomma |
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MC primary brain tumor in kids
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astrocytoma > medulloblastoma>ependymoma
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picks disease
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behavior and personality changes prior to dementia
- progressive aphasia ( trouble speaking) |
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lewy body dementia
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demntia+ parkinsonian symp+ visual hallucinations
- freq falls |
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1st line txt for Restless leg syndrome
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DA agonists- pramipexole ropinorole
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s/s of ALS
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asymettric limb weakness,
dysarthria s/s |
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txt for guillian barre
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plasmaphoresis
OR IVIG |
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meds used to txt alzheimers
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acetyl-cholinesterase inhibib: rivatagimine, memantine, donepezil
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____ ( MAOB inhib) used in early parkinsons and has neuroprotective effects
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Selegiline
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used to potentiate levodopa
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COMT inhibitors: entacapone, tolcapone
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used for tremor in Parkinson
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anticholinergics ( trihexyphenidyl, benztropine)
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used to increase DA release
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amantadine
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bilateral facial weakness
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think: guillan barre, lyme disease
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txt for bells
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eye care --> lubricating drops, patch to cover at night ,
-steroids |
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s/s of guillan barre
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symettric muscle weakness progresses over days to 4 weeks;
absent or dec DTR NO change in sensation |
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CSF in guillan barre
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inc protein
NORMAL WBC ( albuminocytologic dissociation) |
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sleep pattern in elderly vs depressed pt
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elderly: dec total rem , inc REM latency , dec slow wave
Depressed: inc total REM , dec REM latency, dec slow wave |
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nightmare vs night terror
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night mare: REM sleep, pt actually wake up
night terror: non REM sleep, not fully awake, wake up screaming, fall back asleep ( can use benzo bc they dec slow wave delta sleep) |
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pickwickian syn
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obesity hypoventilation syndrome
hypersomnolence, dyspnea, hypozemia ( polycythemia, plethora), pul htn |
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txt for narcolepsy
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modafinil ( stimulant)
scheduled naps |
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if narcolepsy patient has catoplexy, txt
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venlafaxine, fluoxetine, atomoxetine
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empiric therapy in pt coming into ER with LOC
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thiamine, glucose, naloxone,
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complications thaty may arise from LP in someone with incr ICP
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uncal herniation
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best way to prevent bacterial meningitis in newborns
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penicillin and ampicillin to + moms during LnD
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symptoms of Basilar artery stroke
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think pontine ischemia = AMS ( disruption of RAS); contralateral full body weakness, dec sensation, vertigo, vision abn, Coma
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BP goals and Meds in ischemic, intracerebral hemorrhage and SAH
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-ischemic: do not lower unless 220/120 or if giving thrombolytic ( 185/110) ; use labetalol and nicardipine
-intracerebral: sys< 150, use labetalol - SAH: systolic < 150; labetalol and nimodipine |
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signs of TCA overdose
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cardiac: long QT; if > 100 ms, use Na Bicarb
if seizures --> use benzo |
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becks triad
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-hypotension, distant heard sounds; JVD
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Lab finding for hashimoto
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- ↑ TSH, ↓ T4
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3 reasons for involuntary hospitalizations
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- pt is harm to self
- pt is harm to others - pt is gravely disabled ( catatonic state, etc) |
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Charcots triad for gall bladder disease
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-RUQ pain, jaundice, fever
- seen in ascending cholangitis |
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treatment for ITP in kids
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- may resolve spontaneously
- IV steroids or IG |
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Elderly male complains of bony pain + hat no longer fits
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-Pagets Disease
- ↑ ALk Phos; txt: Bisphosphonates |
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cause of secondary ammenorrhea w/ normal prolactin + no response to estrogen-progesteron challenge + hx of D&C
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Asherman Syndrome
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MC pathogen causing croup
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parainfluenza
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cresent shape ( concave) hyperdensity on CT that doesnt cross midline
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subdural hematome
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causes of transudative pleural effusion
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CHF, liver/kidney disease
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immunodeficiency + doughy skin
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Job Syndrome ( hyper IgE synd)
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txt for opiod OD
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naltrexone/naloxone
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most serious s/e of clozapine
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Agranulocytosis
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5 criteria for metabolic syndrome
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- ab obesity
- htn -insulin resistance - low HDL -high TG |
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sentinal loop on abdominal xray
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acute pancreatitis
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other meds used to txt ADHD in kids who fail to respond to stimulants or Atomoxetine
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- TCA ( imipramine, desipramine)
- Buproprion - A2 agonists |
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meds for tourettes syndrome
|
anti-Da agents :
fluphenazine ( typical high potent AP) , pimozide ( high potenct AP) , tetrabenzazine |
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MOA metformin
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-↓ hepatic gluconeogenesis
- ↑ insulin activity |
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S/E MEtformin
|
- lactic acidosis
- GI |
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MOA and S/E sulfonylureas ( tolbutamide, glyburide, glipizide)
|
stimulate insulin release from pancreas ( if pt is on insulin they dont need to be on this drug)
S/E: hypoglycemia |
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Thiazolidinediones ( glitoazones) MOA and S/E
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↓ hepatic gluconeo
↑ tissue uptake of insulin s/e: wt gain;fluid retention ; inc LDL; liver toxicity CI in patients with heart failure |
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Alpha glucosidae inhibitors ( acarbose) MOA and S/E
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↓ GI absorption
s/e: diarrhea, flatulence, GI |
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Meglitinides ( repaglinide, nateglinide) MOA and S/E
|
stimulate insulin release
s/e: hypoglycemia |
|
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exanataide
|
GLP 1
prolongs incretin secretion; delays gastric emptying - s/e: acute pancreatitis; |
|
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sitagliptin ( januvia)
|
inhibitor of DPP IV which affects GLP
prolongs incretin secretion, which decreases glucagon secretion and increases insulin secretion; delay gatric emptying |
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|
txt for diabetic gastroparesis
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erythromycin
metclopramide cisapride |
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which med should you never take with cisapride due to risk of cardiac arrythmia
|
macrolide abx
|
|
|
txt for DKA
|
IV fluids
IV insulin replace K, Ca, Mag, Phos IV glucose |
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|
somogyi vs damn phenomenon
|
- both cause HIGH morning glucose levels
- somogyi: evening NPH dose is too high --> glucose levels drop low --> stress hormone ( catecholamines ) released --> cause glucose to be rly high -dawn: didnt take enough NPH --> result in high glucose levels |
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txt for thyroid storm
|
- BB ( IV propanolol, esmolol)
- Thionamide ( PTU, methimazole) - Iodine ( block conversion and release of T3 and T4) |
|
|
which lab abnormalities necessitate TFT to r/o thyroid disease?
|
-hyperlipidemia
- unexplained hyper Na - inc serum CPK |
|
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thryoid abnormalities during pregnancy
|
increas TBG --> inc total T4, but free T4 does not change
|
|
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txt for peripheral neuropathy due to Db
|
gabapentin
pregabalin duloxetine |
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|
txt for diabetic retinopathy
|
laser photocoagulation
|
|
|
complications from electrical burns
|
cardiac dysarrthymias
compartment syndrome, rhabdomyolysis neurologic disturbances |
|
|
unique management in patients with electrical burns
|
Aggressive IV fluids ( prevent myoglobinuria)
|
|
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Parkland Formula
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IV fluid resuscutation needed
-(4) (kg) ( %W body surface area burned) - 1/2 given initial 8 hrs; other 1/2 given over following 16 hrs |
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txt for heat stroke
|
cool via evaporation
IV bolus fluid |
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2nd degree burns
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pain, erythema, blisters ( non blanching)
|
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3rd degree burn
|
white or chared, non blanching
|
|
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Heat stroke
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confusion, blurry vision, NO or litle sweating!!!
- elevated body temp - inc WBC, BUN, crt |
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txt for black widow bite
|
-tetanoid toxoid prophylaxis
-if necrotic ctr: Corticosteroids - if ulceration : wound care ,dressings - if signs of infection: erythromycin PO - dapsone ( due to leukocyte inhibitory properties) |
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|
txt if systemic sym from black widow spider bite ( muscle spasms, abd stiffness, AMS, autonomic instab)
|
Ca Gluconate
Benzos Steroids Antivenom ( w/in 30 min of bite) |
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acetaminophen OD
|
N acetylcysteine
|
|
|
Anticholingergics ( atropine) OD
|
Dry mouth, urinary retention, wide QRS,
Physostigine |
|
|
BBlockers OD
|
- bradycardiea, hypotension, hypoglycemia, pul edema
- Atropine m IV fluid, - if BP and HR unresponsive: Glucagon, CaCl, insulin + glucose, Norepinephrine |
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CCB
|
glucagon, Ca, insulin, dextrose
|
|
|
Cyanide
|
" almond scented breath
- delayed onset parkinsonism - txt: thiosulfate, hydroxycobalmin, nitrate |
|
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digoxin
|
bradycardia, hyperkalemia, vision changes ( yellow vision)
- Dig FAB fragments, activated charcoal |
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Heparin
|
Protamine sulfate
|
|
|
Methanol
|
Fomipizole, Ethanol
|
|
|
Opiods
|
Naltrexone
|
|
|
Salicylates ( Asprin)
|
" tinnitus, resp alkalosis --> then mixed resp alkalosis and metabolic acidosis with inc anion gap_
txt: charcoal, dialysis, NaBicar |
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sulfonylurea OD
|
octreotide, dextrose
|
|
|
Warfarin
|
Vit K, FFP
|
|
|
TCA
|
Na Bicarb ( if QRS > 100ms); diazepam ( if seizures)
|
|
|
Caustics
|
copious irrigation ( dont induce emesis, or attempt to neutralize) charcoal
|
|
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organophosphates
|
atropine, pralidoxime
|
|
|
Fe
|
Deferoxamine
|
|
|
Lead
|
EDTA, dimercaprol, succimer
|
|
|
Mercury
|
DiMERcaprol
|
|
|
Arsenic
|
dimercaprol, succimer, penicillamine
|
|
|
OD Copper
|
Penicillamine
|
|
|
TPA OD
|
aminocaproic acid
|
|
|
txt for pulseless electrical activity ( PEA)
|
epinephrine, atropine
pulseless --> Epi and Atropine |
|
|
txt for SVT
|
1. vagal maneuvers --> adenosine --> ventricular rate control ( Dig, CCB, BB)
|
|
|
initial txt for new onset A Fib
|
Rate control ( BB, dig, CCB, diltiazem)
- anticoagulate with heparin |
|
|
txt for stable asymptomatic SVT
|
amiadarone, lidocaine, procainamide
|
|
|
txt for VFib
|
360 J --> 2 in CPR ---> 360 J --> 2 min CPR --> epi --> 360 --> Epi + amiodarone or lidocaine ( antiarrythmics)
|
|
|
cauese of PEA
|
6 H: hypovolemia, hypoxia, H ions ( acidosis), hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, hypohermia, hypoglycemia
4T: tension pneumo, thrombosis, tablet ( drugs); tamponade |
|
|
theophylline OD
|
( common in COPDS)
- seizures, hypotention, cardiac tachyarrythmias |
|
|
txt for crohns disease
|
5 ASA
azathiprine anti TNF steroid |
|
|
HLA B27 diseases
|
PAIR
psoriatic arthritis anklyosing spondylitis IBD reiters syndrome |
|
|
ASCA freq +
|
Crohns
|
|
|
pANCA freq +
|
U/C
|
|
|
curative txt for UC
|
colectomy is curative
|
|
|
significantly inc risk for Colon cancer
|
U/C
|
|
|
CT with air in bowel wall and bowel wall thickening
|
ischemic colitis
|
|
|
diagnostic study of choice for appendicitis
|
CT scan!
|
|
|
most common benign small bowel tumor
|
leimyoma
|
|
|
most common malignant small bowel tumor
|
adenocarcinoma
|
|
|
1 SD, 2 SD , 3SD
|
68%, 95%; 99.7 %
|
|
|
txt for appendicitis:
|
NPO, IVF
pain control ( morphine , meperidine) ABx: abicillin. sulbactam if abscess --> percutaneous drainage |
|
|
CI interval range, z values
|
90% CI: z= 1.6
95% CI z= 1.9 99% CI z= 2.5 |
|
|
diabetic gastroparesis txt
|
cisapride
erythrmycin metclopramide |
|
|
most common disease causing hypercoagulation
|
Factor V lieden
|
|
|
most common inherited bleeding disorder
|
vWF disease
|
|
|
abciximab, tirofiban, epitifibatide
|
gpIIbIIIa inhibi;
- use in unstable angina, NSTEMI, post coronaryvessel intervention |
|
|
clopidogrel, ticlopidine
|
ADP blockers;
|
|
|
aggrinox
|
inhibit adenosine, ; use if pt had recent stroke while on Aspirin!
|
|
|
enopxaparin
|
moa: binds factor Xa
- lmwh |
|
|
lepirudin, argatroban
|
direct thrombin inhibitors
- use if pt had HIT ( also fondaparinux) |
|
|
moa heparin
|
inhibit antithrombin III
|
|
|
moa WArfarin
|
inhibits vit K dep factors ( 2,7,9,10), c and s
|
|
|
most common causes of DIC
|
STOP Makin New Thrombi
sepsis, trauma, ob comp, pancreatitis, malignancies, transfusions |
|
|
what meds can you give to a pregnent woman w/ cystitis
|
amox, 1/2st gen cephalosporin; nitrofurantoin
|
|
|
common sources of mets to the brain
|
lung> breast> skin> renal> GI
|
|
|
atrohpy of mamillary bodies
|
wernikes
|
|
|
characteristics that favor lung carcinoma
|
age> 45, smoker, new lesion, bigger lesion than previous, no calcifications, irreg calcifications; > 2 cm
|
|
|
heavy bleeding during and between period
|
meno-metero-ragia
|
|
|
8:14 translocation
|
burkitts
|
|
|
14:18 translocation
|
follicular small cell
|
|
|
translocation 9:22
|
CML
|
|
|
ass with EBV
|
burkitt lymphoma
|
|
|
reed sternberg cells, cervical lad, night sweats
|
hodgkins lym
|
|
|
translocation 14:18
|
folllicular small cell
|
|
|
translocation 8:14
|
burkitt
|
|
|
most common lymphoma in US
|
diffuse large cell ( non hodgkins lymph)
|
|
|
starry sky pattern ( due to phagocytosis of apoptotic tumor cells)
|
burkitt
|
|
|
high hct, hb, pruritis, pain in hands and feet,
|
polycythemia vera
|
|
|
hair like projection on smear, hms
|
hairy cell
|
|
|
antiviral : megaloblastic anemia, bone marrow suppression
|
zidovudine
|
