Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Line staff/Field Services |
refers to the police dept employees |
|
Administrative staff |
everyone else employed by the department. These are all of the people behind the scenes vital in the running of police dept. |
|
Four different kinds of stressors in police work? |
1. Personal stress |
|
Personal stressors |
may come from relationships with other officers |
|
External stressors |
Unique to the field, caused by potential for violence, danger, tragedy both short-term and long-term impact |
|
Organizational stress |
Completing paperwork, scheduling training, writing reports, and adhering to scheduling - push of organizational and time management skills. |
|
Operational stress |
Constant level present due to combating crime on daily basis, functioning revolves around stream of negativity. |
|
Corruption |
defined - deviance from an accepted ethical standard |
|
occupational deviance |
acts that are motivated by personal benefit - accepting a cup of coffee from cafe down the street |
|
abuse of authority |
actions that happen in furthering the goals of law enforcement - taking money to overlook that cafe down the street is selling drugs |
|
Factors increasing the likelihood of corruption: |
- Exposure to money |
|
U.S. Dept. of Justice methods to combat corruption in law enforcement? |
- managerial solutions |
|
managerial solutions |
those admin can perform w/"hands on" strategies: |
|
staff turnover |
Not just firing old & bringing in new, rotating existing staff, keep officers fresh |
|
ending corrupt practices |
do away with legal policies that encourage unethical behaviors such as arrest quotas and reimbursement for personal on-the-job expenses |
|
Factors increasing the likelihood of corruption: |
- Exposure to money |
|
U.S. Dept. of Justice methods to combat corruption in law enforcement? |
- managerial solutions |
|
managerial solutions |
those admin can perform w/"hands on" strategies: |
|
staff turnover |
Not just firing old & bringing in new, rotating existing staff, keep officers fresh |
|
ending corrupt practices |
do away with legal policies that encourage unethical behaviors such as arrest quotas and reimbursement for personal on-the-job expenses |
|
Discretion |
the power of choice exercised by law enforcement in carrying out their duties |
|
What determines an officer's use of discretion? |
1. Departmental Policy and Administration |
|
legalistic style of policing |
-by the book |
|
Watchman style of policing |
-utilize discretion, sometimes to extreme |
|
Service style of policing |
-in tune with community they serve |
|
community policing |
Defined as a cooperative effort between the community and the policy to identify criminal problems within the community and search for solutions in order to enhance the quality of life |
|
Four main purposes of the Public Safety Partnership and Community Policing Act of 1994? |
1. Inc. number of officers communicating w/community |
|
What are the rights guaranteed by the Fourth Amendment? |
• To be free from unreasonable searches and seizures |
|
What are the rights guaranteed by the Fifth Amendment? |
• Protection against self-incrimination |
|
What are the rights guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment? |
• Right to a speedy trial |
|
What are the rights guaranteed by the Eight Amendment? |
• Protection against excessive fines |
|
due process |
- we have a right to certain protections under law |
|
procedural due process |
refers to enforcement of the laws and punishments for violations |
|
substantive due process |
refers to the creation and definition of what a person's rights are |
|
"stare decisis" |
"to let the decision stand" AKA precedence |
|
precedence |
case law - the principle that ensures that prior court decisions are considered and incorporated into future similar cases |
|
True or False: |
True. |
|
What was the significance of |
-Formed the basis of the exclusionary rule which states that incriminating evidence must be seized in accordance with the constitutional elements of due process. |
|
What was the significance of |
- fruit of the poisoned tree doctrine |
|
What was the significance of |
Prior to 1961, the exclusionary rule only applied to federal law enforcement, as did the fruit of the poisoned tree doctrine. |
|
What was the significance of |
defining the scope of legal searches when no search warrant was present |
|
What was the significance of |
the good faith exception to the exclusionary rule |
|
What was the significance of |
ruled that evidence was admissible even if the information on the warrant was incorrect |
|
What was the significance of |
ruled that if the police had a reasonable belief that a person had the right to consent to a search, they could legally search |
|
What was the significance of |
first addressed in plain view doctrine, which states that anything that falls into the “plain view” of an officer who is legally entitled to be in that position to have said view, is subject to seizure and can be introduced as evidence. |
|
What was the significance of |
it was decided at the Circuit Court level that officers can’t move objects out of the way to bring evidence into plain view |
|
What was the significance of |
also reiterated the plain view doctrine when the U.S. Supreme Court didn’t allow evidence that had been uncovered by moving a stereo |
|
What was the significance of |
car was impounded, police searched it for contraband, discovered two guns, charged him for the weapons. |
|
What was the significance of |
police could search a vehicle for the purposes of inventorying property while it was impounded. If they discovered illegal substances under these circumstances, their seizure would hold up in court. This was even true when referring to items found inside containers within the vehicle, as long as it was when processing inventory that the vehicle was searched. |
|
What was the significance of |
affirmed South Dakota v. Opperman |
|
What was the significance of |
Supreme Court agreed with a lower court that suppressed evidence found in a locked suitcase in the trunk of a vehicle being inventoried. |
|
What was the significance of |
it was determined that if a person grants permission to officers for the searching of his vehicle, the consent is implied to mean all reasonable areas of the vehicle. |
|
What was the significance of |
affirmed current standard - when probable cause exists to justify the search of a vehicle, then it |
|
Can the trunk of a vehicle be searched when arresting a suspect in a vehicle? |
No, search incident to arrest limits the area of search to those immediately available to the arrestee. |
|
What are the three emergency exceptions to the Fourth Amendment's requirement of a warrant? |
1. public safety; |
|
What are two cases that upheld the emergency exceptions to the Fourth Amendment's requirement for a warrant? |
Warden v. Hayden - a home was searched following a report of an armed robber in the building. |
|
Search incident to arrest |
The Supreme Court ruled that the areas that can be searched while performing an arrest are limited without the presence of a search warrant. |
|
What is the significance of |
search incident to arrest upheld when a police officer making an arrest for driving without a license, searched the vehicle to ensure he was in no danger (looking for weapons) and found heroin. Because the officer’s safety was being protected through his search, the evidence (heroin) was admissible in court. |
|
What is the significance of |
guaranteed an officer’s right to “stop |
|
What is the significance of |
affirmed that if an officer is doing a pat down and discovers something in the pocket of the individual |
|
What is the significance of |
it was determined that a person cannot be punished or detained for refusal |
|
What is the significance of |
a citizen has a right to protect their property from unsubstantiated police search |
|
What is the significance of |
held that suspects fleeing from the police who throw evidence as they retreat, may be charged based on the abandoned evidence. |
|
What is the significance of |
emergency searches of people were constitutional when the cost of obtaining a warrant would cause a danger to the police or a possible loss of evidence. |
|
What is the significance of |
affirmed that the emergency situation of the defendant’s health outweighed his objections to the search. |
|
What are emergency situations that warrant the search of persons? |
to save lives, prevent the fleeing of dangerous suspects, or destruction of evidence |
|
What is the significance of |
the first major case surrounding interrogations |
|
What is the significance of |
established that “inherent coercion” could also bring about a false confession and therefore was not allowed |
|
What is the significance of |
the right to have an attorney present at interrogation |
|
What is the significance of |
upheld that if an interrogation is being conducted and the suspect requests an attorney, all interrogations must immediately stop and the suspect’s request be honored. |
|
What is the significance of |
further stated that interrogations cannot resume after the suspect has spoken with the attorney and the attorney has departed |
|
What is the significance of |
defendent must be informed of their rights before questioning |
|
What is the significance of |
-inevitable discovery exception |
|
What is the significance of |
- public safety exception |
|
What is the significance of |
- case of mentally ill person's confession, later on appeal claimed of voices telling him to confess |
|
Law enforcement, as it is practiced in the United States, has its origins primarily in |
(D) England |
|
The majority of law enforcement agencies in the United States are concentrated at what level of |
D) Local |
|
The rights of free speech and assembly can be found in which of the following amendments? |
(A) First |
|
Statistics for the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) are collected, tabulated, and distributed |
(D) the FBI |
|
Which of the following is the "victimless" crime for which persons are most often arrested? |
(B) Intoxication |
|
Which of the following is best defined as the implementation of scientific principles in the evaluation of evidential items that are in one |
(B) Criminalistics |
|
One of the first duties of a patrol officer arriving at a major crime scene is to |
(D) preserve the crime scene |