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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A profitable but illegal venture in which British vessels participated during the Civil War was
a. transporting goods to the Union b. blockade running for the Confederacy c. charging taxes for imported goods d. transporting fugitive slaves to Europe |
The correct answer is B. Blockade running was an illegal but profitable activity for many British vessels. Blockade running involved importing and exporting at blockaded Confederate ports, which was a violation for ships from neutral nations. The activity enabled Confederate states to sell some of their cotton and purchase needed supplies and arms, which was profitable for blockade runners and costly for the Confederacy. Choices A and D are incorrect. Choice A was legal, while choice D was not very profitable. Most importers were charged taxes not vice versa, so choice C is incorrect.
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The Democratic Party splintered at the 1860 convention when Southern radicals called for
a. a slavery amendment b. Lincoln's nomination c. protective tariffs d. a federal slave code |
The correct answer is D. At the 1860 convention, the Democratic Party divided over federal slave codes, which southern radicals demanded. The two sides were unable to agree on a presidential candidate and nominated two instead. Lincoln was nominated by the Republican Party, which also supported protective tariffs. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect.
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Which of the following is a true statement about the Battle of Shiloh?
a. The Confederates dominated Union troops on the first day, but Union reinforcements forced the Confederates to withdraw on the second day. b. The Union routed Confederate troops on the first day, but reinforcements enabled the Confederates defeat the Union on the second day. c. Union troops surprised Confederate troops and forced the Confederates to retreat after a quick battle. d. Confederate troops surprised Union troops, and the unprepared Union soldiers retreated immediately. |
The correct answer is A. On the first day, the Confederates caught the Union troops off guard, but the Union rebounded with reinforcements on the second day to defeat the Confederates and force them to withdraw. Choice D is tempting because the Confederates surprised Grant's troops; however, Grant remained determined to win on the second day, so choice D is incorrect. Choices B and C are incorrect descriptions of the battle.
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The Emancipation Proclamation stated that freed slaves could
a. vote in national, state, and local elections b. earn compensation for enslavement c. enroll in the U.S. military d. serve on court juries |
The correct answer is C. The Emancipation Proclamation stated that freed slaves could join the U.S. military. By the end of the Civil War, approximately 10 percent of the Union army consisted of African-Americans who supported the Union cause as soldiers, cooks, laborers, and scouts. Choices A, B, and D were not elements provided in the Emancipation Proclamation.
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The presidential election of 1864 pitted Lincoln against
a. George McClellan b. Jefferson Davis c. Andrew Johnson d. Robert E. Lee |
The correct answer is A. George McClellan ran on the Democratic ticket against Abraham Lincoln in the 1864 presidential election. Lincoln won by a landslide against the former Union commander. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Andrew Johnson served as Lincoln's vice president and became president after Lincoln's assassination. Davis was president of the Confederacy, and Lee was a Confederate general.
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Three years before his attack on Harper's Ferry, John Brown was responsible for
a. leading a posse to arrest antislavery forces b. burning the homes of slave owners in Iowa c. murdering five proslavery settlers in Kansas d. alerting authorities to Underground Railway stations |
The correct answer is C. In 1856, John Brown and his sons kidnapped five proslavery settlers from their cabins in Kansas and brutally executed them. The event led to additional fighting in Kansas between proslavery and antislavery settlers. John Brown was a staunch abolitionist, so choices A and D are incorrect. Brown's anti-slavery activities occurred in Kansas not Iowa, so choice B is incorrect.
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Which of the following states led the Deep South into secession after Lincoln's election?
a. Mississippi b. Alabama c. Louisiana d. South Carolina |
Which of the following states led the Deep South into secession after Lincoln's election?
a. Mississippi b. Alabama c. Louisiana d. South Carolina |
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Which of the following correctly states Europe's involvement in the Civil War?
a. France favored the Union and showed its support by sending arms. b. Britain favored the Confederacy and showed its support by sending arms. c. France favored the Union but declined to provide direct support. d. Britain favored the Confederacy but declined to provide direct support. |
The correct answer is D. Both Britain and France supported the Confederacy, but neither provided direct support to the South. Britain only wanted to support the South if winning the war was likely. Cotton supplies from Egypt and India eliminated the need for Confederate cotton, so Europe decided not to recognize the Confederacy and become involved in an American war. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect.
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Which of the following describes the events of 1863 known as the "Mud March"?
a. General Joseph Hooker lead troops in the Peninsula Campaign across flooded terrain in order to push back Confederate forces. b. General Ambrose Burnside attempted to surround Confederate troops by crossing Banks' Ford, but rain forced the abandonment of the operation. c. General Gideon Pillow attempted an assault at Fort Donelson, but his troops failed when heavy rains flooded the Cumberland River. d. General Edward Bragg tried to stop General Robert E. Lee's forces in the Shenandoah Valley, but he was forced to retreat because of rainy conditions. |
The correct answer is B. Burnside planned to surround Lee's troops by crossing Banks' Ford, but two days of heavy rain caused roads and creeks to be impossible for travel. The operation was abandoned and referred to as the "Mud March," and Burnside was relieved of command because of the debacle. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect.
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In March 1864, which of the following was made General-in-Chief of the Armies of the United States?
a. Henry W. Halleck b. George B. McClellan c. William T. Sherman d. Ulysses S. Grant |
The correct answer is D. After the fall of Vicksburg, Lincoln realized that Grant was the one who should command all of the Union armies as General-in-Chief. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. McClellan had been General-in-Chief in 1861 and 1862, but he had been relieved of command for his failure to attack the Confederacy in critical situations. Halleck served in the position from 1862 until 1864 when Grant took over. Sherman served under Grant and succeeded him as General-in-Chief in 1869.
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The Battle of Chancellorsville is often described as
a. Lee's perfect battle b. Grant's finest victory c. Lee's greatest loss d. Grant's worst defeat |
The correct answer is A. The Battle of Chancellorsville is often characterized as Lee's perfect battle. Lee managed to earn a victory over a Union force twice the size of his own through a well-planned strategy that involved dividing his smaller force to conquer General Hooker's troops. General Grant was not involved in the Battle of Chancellorsville, so choices B and D are incorrect.
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General Albert Sidney Johnston was delayed in his arrival to Pittsburg Landing in April 1862 by
a. flooded rivers b. destroyed bridges c. inexperienced soldiers d. miscommunication of orders |
The correct answer is C. Johnston's group of inexperienced soldiers prevented him from arriving at Pittsburg Landing as soon as he had hoped. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Many of the Confederate units became lost during the long march to Shiloh, which caused a delay. Although rainy weather slowed the Confederate troops, flooded rivers and destroyed bridges were not an issue. Miscommunication was not an issue in this case.
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Which of the following was the first major transportation change that occurred in the first half of the nineteenth century?
a. Turnpikes b. Railroads c. Canals d. Bridges |
The correct answer is A. Turnpikes were the first major change in American transportation history. Thousands of miles of new or improved roads made of crushed rocks were constructed in the U.S., but they were mostly built in the Northern states. Turnpike construction was followed by an era of canals and railroads, so choices B and C are incorrect. Bridges had been in existence and were modernized as needed, so choice D is incorrect.
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Secessionists feared that Lincoln's government would
a. destroy the cotton-based economy of the South through the abolishment of slavery b. regulate the cotton industry by enacting federal mandates against slaveholders c. incorporate popular sovereignty into the debate regarding Southern slaveholders d. appeal the "Dred Scott" decision and legalize slavery in the territories |
The correct answer is A. Secessionists feared that Lincoln would abolish slavery, and the cotton industry that depended on slave labor would be destroyed. Choice D is incorrect because slaveholders would be glad if slavery became legal in the territories. Choices B and C were not concerns expressed by the South prior to secession.
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Bread riots in the South were most often instigated by
a. slaves b. soldiers c. women d. abolitionists |
The correct answer is C. Bread riots occurred in large southern cities, such as Richmond and Atlanta, as a result of extremely high prices for basic necessities. In most instances, women who were tired of paying too much money for too little food instigated the acts of civil unrest. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect.
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The Battle of the Wilderness can best be described as a
a. prolonged siege ending in Union victory b. Union rout of the Confederate army c. lengthy but decisive victory for the Confederate army d. short but inconclusive confrontation |
The correct answer is D. The Battle of the Wilderness is typically described as an inconclusive confrontation or a draw. The battle lasted only three days, so choice A is incorrect. More Union casualties occurred than Confederate ones, so choice B is incorrect. Although the Confederates lost fewer troops, the battle was neither lengthy nor decisive. so choice C is incorrect.
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The Tenure of Office Act was passed by Congress to prevent President Johnson from firing
a. Benjamin Wade b. Edwin Stanton c. Charles Sumner d. Thaddeus Stevens |
The correct answer is B. Edwin Stanton, Johnson's Secretary of War, was the only Radical Republican on Johnson's cabinet. The Tenure of Office Act prevented Johnson from removing a cabinet member, such as Stanton, without Senate consent. Choices A, C, and D were Radical Republican members of Congress, who could not be fired by Johnson, so they are incorrect choices.
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In 1865, Lee's forces dropped significantly because of
a. resentment toward slave soldiers b. severe weather conditions c. desertions d. malaria |
The correct answer is C. An epidemic of desertions in 1865 caused Lee's forces to drop in number. Over a one-month period, the Confederacy lost 8 percent of its army to desertion. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Men usually left to protect their families or find food. Although disease killed thousands during the war, in 1865 desertion was a bigger problem than malaria.
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The Union needed to win the Battle of Chattanooga in order to
a. suppress Confederate sympathizers b. gain a foothold in Tennessee c. move south into Alabama d. push south into Georgia |
The correct answer is D. The Battle of Chattanooga was important for the Union because it enabled the Union to push towards Georgia, which would split the Confederacy. Choice B is incorrect because the Union had already gained control of most of Tennessee. Alabama was not a primary target for the Union, so choice C is incorrect. Confederate sympathizers would have been few in Tennessee and not a reason for a large military campaign, so choice A is incorrect.
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Jefferson Davis chose Alexander Stephens as his vice president to
a. negotiate terms with the Union government b. appease the moderates in the Confederacy c. provide military guidance and instruction d. satisfy the plantation owners from Mississippi |
The correct answer is B. Stephens was a moderate who was opposed to secession, so appointing him as vice president might appease other moderates within the Confederacy. Choice C is incorrect because Stephens was a lawyer with no military experience. Stephens' appointment was also intended to appease Georgia, Stephens' home state, so choice D is incorrect. Choice A is incorrect because negotiations were not an element of Davis' tenure.
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General Stonewall Jackson died as a result of
a. dysentery b. influenza c. enemy fire at Gettysburg d. friendly fire at Chancellorsville |
The correct answer is D. Jackson died because of friendly fire that occurred at the Battle of Chancellorsville. Jackson was mistakenly shot three times, and he had his arm amputated as a result. Jackson developed pneumonia and never recovered. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect.
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Which of the following occurred at the Battle of Spotsylvania?
a. Naval support of army troops b. High civilian casualties c. Trench warfare d. Fires |
The correct answer is C. Lee had his troops dig miles of trenches at the Battle of Spotsylvania hoping to inflict heavy casualties on the North. Grant tried to pull Lee's troops into open battle, but Lee's weakened troops remained in their trenches. Casualty tolls were high on both sides, although the trenches protected many of Lee's men. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect.
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The purpose of Lincoln's Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction was to
a. ban slavery in border states b. compensate former slaves c. reunite the nation d. abolish slavery |
The correct answer is C. Reuniting the nation was the primary purpose of Lincoln's Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction. Slavery was permanently abolished throughout the nation with the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment, so choices A and D are incorrect. Former slaves would not be compensated under Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan, so choice B is incorrect.
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Before moving to Richmond, the Confederate capital was located in
a. Atlanta, Georgia b. New Orleans, Louisiana c. Montgomery, Alabama d. Jackson, Mississippi |
The correct answer is C. Montgomery was the original location of the Confederate capital, which moved to Richmond in May 1861. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. New Orleans was an important port for the confederacy, while Atlanta was the site of an 1864 battle. Jackson was an important manufacturing site for the Confederacy.
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The primary factor in the development of manufacturing in the Ohio Valley and the upper Mississippi Valley before the Civil War was the
a. creation of thousands of miles of turnpikes that allowed year-round travel b. establishment of a commercial agriculture industry in the North c. use of steamboats to transport heavy loads in shallow water d. construction of railroads to transport goods to the South |
The correct answer is C. Steamboats were the most important factor in the development of manufacturing in the Ohio and upper Mississippi valleys before the Civil War. The ability of the steamboat to transport heavy loads even in shallow waters made it the main form of transportation in the areas served by the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. Choices A, B, and D did not affect manufacturing as much as the steamboat in those particular regions.
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A group of northern Democrats known as Copperheads criticized Lincoln and advocated
a. requiring longer terms of service for enlisted men b. making a compromise with the Confederacy c. drafting more soldiers to end the war quickly d. emancipating slaves in every state |
The correct answer is B. Copperheads were opposed to war and advocated a compromise with the Confederacy. In many cases, they blamed abolitionists for starting the war, and they wanted Lincoln and the Republican Party out of office. Copperheads were opposed to emancipation and the draft, so choices A, C, and D are incorrect.
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In 1864, the Grant's army pushed toward Petersburg because it was a
a. connection to Vicksburg b. international trade port c. center of industry d. railroad hub |
The correct answer is D. Grant's Union forces marched toward Petersburg, Virginia, because it was a railroad hub that connected to Richmond. The city was on the supply route between Confederate troops and the Confederate capital, so capturing it would cut off supply lines. Choices A and B are incorrect because of Petersburg's distance from Mississippi and the Atlantic.
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Under Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction, newly formed state governments had to
a. require banks to lend money to African Americans b. give African Americans small parcels of land c. allow African American men the right to vote d. provide for the education of African Americans |
The correct answer is D. According to Lincoln's Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction, newly formed state governments had to provide for the education of African Americans and had to abolish slavery. Choices A and C are incorrect because Lincoln did not insist on political or social equality for African Americans. States were not required to give land to African Americans under Lincoln's plan, so choice B is incorrect.
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Which Richmond residents enthusiastically cheered Lincoln when he visited the captured city?
a. Southern abolitionists b. Confederate families c. African Americans d. Union soldiers |
The correct answer is C. The African American population of Richmond filled the streets upon Lincoln's arrival hoping to meet the man that fought a war to free them. Choice B is incorrect because Confederates had evacuated the city. Although soldiers were on the lookout for angry Confederates that might want to harm the President, the soldiers were not Richmond residents, so choice D is incorrect.
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Pickett's Charge refers to a failed attack by the Confederates during the Battle of
a. Shiloh b. Vicksburg c. Gettysburg d. Chattanooga |
The correct answer is C. Pickett made an unsuccessful charge at Union troops at the Battle of Gettysburg. Of the 14,000 Confederate troops involved in the open-field assault, almost half became casualties. The move is considered Lee's primary mistake at Gettysburg and is partially to blame for the Confederacy's loss in Pennsylvania. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect.
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Which of the following is a true statement about immigration during the 1840s and 1850s?
a. Immigration tapered off as urban areas grew. b. The majority of immigrants settled in northern states. c. The majority of immigrants settled in southern states. d. Immigrants were distributed evenly throughout the U.S. |
The correct answer is B. More than 80 percent of immigrants settled in northern states during the immigration boom of the 1840s and 1850s. Although immigrants settled in the South, their numbers were few, which means choices C and D are incorrect. Immigration did not taper off until the late 1850s, so choice A is incorrect.
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Which of the following is a true statement about the Radical Republicans concerning Reconstruction?
a. They believed that the South should receive financial assistance to rebuild its infrastructure. b. They advocated a punitive policy toward southern states after the Confederacy's collapse. c. They believed that the executive branch of the government should form a Reconstruction Plan. d. They advocated a policy of leniency toward the South in order to reunite the states quickly. |
The correct answer is B. The Radical Republicans advocated a punitive policy toward southern states after the Confederacy's collapse. The group believed that Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan was too lenient, so choice D is incorrect. The Radical Republicans wanted the South to suffer both economically and politically, so choice A is incorrect. They also thought Reconstruction was a legislative function rather than an executive function, which is why the Wade-Davis bill was drafted.
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Dr. Samuel A. Mudd was sentenced to life in prison for
a. providing medical attention to John Wilkes Booth b. failing to render aid to Lincoln when he was shot c. hiding John Wilkes Booth in his barn for six days d. helping John Wilkes Booth break into Ford's Theater |
The correct answer is A. Booth broke his leg when he jumped from the balcony after shooting Lincoln, and Mudd set Booth's leg in a splint that same night. Mudd claimed that he was not involved in the assassination, and years later, Mudd was pardoned and released from prison. Richard Garrett hid Booth in his barn for six days, so choice C is incorrect. Choices B and D are incorrect because Mudd was not in the theater when Lincoln was shot and Booth did not break into the theater.
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The Wade-Davis plan of Reconstruction called for
a. an oath of Union allegiance from 10 percent of a state's eligible voters b. states to hold general elections for governor and legislators c. an oath of Union allegiance from 50 percent of a state's eligible voters d. states to grant pardons to all prominent Confederate leaders |
The correct answer is C. The Wade-Davis plan for Reconstruction required half of all eligible voters to pledge allegiance to the Union, rather than 10 percent as required under plans presented by Lincoln. The plan proposed that military governors temporarily rule Confederate states, so choice B is incorrect. Unlike the other Reconstruction Plans, pardons were not part of the Wade-Davis plan, so choice D is incorrect.
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A Confederate produce loan allowed planters to
a. promise to lend money to the Confederacy for arms b. borrow money from the Confederacy to pay crop debts c. borrow cash from banks to pay for Confederate bonds d. pledge the proceeds of their crops for Confederate bonds |
The correct answer is D. The produce loan allowed planters who wanted to support the Confederacy to promise the proceeds of their crops in exchange for Confederate bonds. The method of generating cash for the Confederacy was not particularly successful because planters often promised their cotton crops and changed their minds when more money could be made elsewhere. Choices B and C are incorrect because the Confederacy was strapped for cash. Choice A is incorrect because planters had crops but not cash to lend.
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At Petersburg, Lee most likely held a strong position against Grant because the Confederates
a. built heavy fortifications b. obtained plentiful supplies c. acquired fresh reinforcements d. outnumbered the Union army |
The correct answer is A. Heavy fortifications and miles of trenches helped Lee's troops maintain a strong position against the Union at Petersburg. Grant's strategy involved cutting off the Confederate's supply chain, so choice B is incorrect. Few reinforcements were available, so choice C is incorrect. Choice D is incorrect because Union troops nearly doubled Confederate troops.
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Davis and his cabinet left Richmond for Danville hoping to
a. escape to Canada b. board ships for Europe c. continue fighting the war d. hide from angry southerners |
The correct answer is C. Davis and his cabinet traveled by train from Richmond to Danville hoping to continue fighting the war. After Lee surrendered, the group scattered in different directions, including to Europe, but the original plan in Danville was to continue the war effort. The Confederate leaders did not head to Danville trying to escape north to Canada or hide from angry southerners, so choices A and D are incorrect.
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Through the course of the Civil War, which of the following was true of the Confederate economy?
a. It expanded its industrial and agricultural bases and was not negatively affected by trade restrictions. b. It expanded its production of industrial goods but failed to grow enough agricultural produce. c. It eliminated its industrial and agricultural bases and relied on illegal trade for survival. d. It developed sufficient agricultural produce but failed to develop an industrial base. |
The correct answer is B. During the Civil War, the Confederacy could not rely on European goods because of the trade restrictions, so it expanded its manufacturing output. The Confederacy built factories and managed to have a sufficient supply of many industrial items. However, the agricultural base was neglected; cotton and tobacco remained the chief crops instead of foodstuffs. Such inadequate planning led to food shortages throughout the South. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect.
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The Battle of Hampton Roads is best described as the
a. turning point of the Civil War b. first battle between two ironclad ships c. bloodiest battle of the Civil War d. first battle involving a torpedo boat |
The correct answer is B. The Battle of Hampton Roads was the first battle between two ironclad ships. The "Monitor" was the Union's ironclad, and the "Virginia," once named the "Merrimack," belonged to the Confederacy. The battle was neither a turning point nor full of casualties, so choices A and C are incorrect, but the Union prevented the Confederacy from breaking the naval blockade around Richmond. Although torpedo boats were first used during the Civil War, they were not involved in the Battle of Hampton Roads, so choice D is incorrect.
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Political nativism developed in the mid-1850s primarily because of tensions between
a. Catholics and Germans b. Protestants and Catholics c. Protestants and English immigrants d. Native American Indians and immigrants |
The correct answer is B. Political nativism occurred because of tensions between Protestants and Catholics who held ethnic hostilities toward each other. Choice A is incorrect because the majority of German immigrants were Catholic. Choice C is incorrect because most English immigrants were Protestants.
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War between the United States and Britain almost broke out when
a. U.S. navy officers boarded a Confederate ship headed to Britain b. British blockade runners exchanged fire with the "U.S.S. San Jacinto" c. Confederate diplomats were seized from the British steamer "Trent" d. Britain agreed to loan money to the Confederacy for war bonds |
The correct answer is C. Problems between the U.S. and Britain occurred after a U.S. navy captain seized two Confederate diplomats from the British steamer "Trent." The British government was angered by the seizure. Relations were restored when the U.S. government indicated that the captain acted independently and released the two men. Britain did not loan money to the Confederacy, so choice D is incorrect. Choices A and B are incorrect.
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Before and during the Civil War, women from the North worked in the area of
a. manufacturing b. banking c. teaching d. nursing |
The correct answer is A. Northern women filled the labor gap left by men in the manufacturing labor pool. Prior to the war, many women worked in textile and clothing factories, and the number increased when the war began. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Before the war, men dominated the teaching profession, and women entered the nursing field during the war. Banking was not a field for women before the war.
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Sheridan's raids on farms in the Shenandoah Valley were meant to
a. retaliate against Confederate loyalists b. convince Davis to end the war c. deprive Lee's troops of food d. harm the South's economy |
The correct answer is C. Sheridan's raids on Shenandoah Valley farms were intended to deprive Lee and his troops of much-needed supplies. Grant ordered Sheridan to virtually destroy the area, which supplied food to Confederate troops in Virginia. Union troops burned barns full of grain and killed livestock even when landowners claimed to be Union supporters. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect.
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In direct defiance of Johnson's Reconstruction Plan, Southern states
a. required half of all eligible voters to pledge Union loyalty b. elected notorious Confederate leaders to political office c. prevented African Americans from serving on juries d. refused to allow African Americans to own property |
The correct answer is B. Johnson's Reconstruction Plan called for no pardons for high-level Confederate leaders, and states expressed their defiance of Johnson when they elected well-known Southern leaders to state offices. Johnson never required new elections, but instead issued special pardons to over 13,000 Confederate rebels. Choice A is incorrect because Johnson's plan called for at least 10 percent of voters to pledge loyalty. Choices C and D were laws passed by states that prevented African Americans from enjoying many civil rights.
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The Union threat to the Confederate capital was ended during the
a. Battle of Antietam b. Battle of Seven Days c. Battle of Gettysburg d. Second Battle of Manassas |
The correct answer is B. The Seven Days' Battle ended the Union's threat to Richmond in July 1862. Generals Lee and Jackson force McClellan's Army of the Potomac to retreat. A Union win in Richmond would most likely have ended the war. Choices A, C, and D were not battles that directly threatened Richmond.
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Wartime corruption was exemplified when northern businesses with government contracts supplied
a. superior products at low prices b. superior products at inflated prices c. inferior products at inflated prices d. inferior products at low prices |
The correct answer is C. Inferior products at inflated prices were often the result of government contracts given to unscrupulous businesses. Fraud occurred in at least 20 percent of all government expenditures during the war. Poorly made uniforms, spoiled meat, and broken guns were often supplied to the government by businesses that had been given profitable government contracts. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect.
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Planters in the Upper South sold their unneeded slaves to planters in the Deep South because less labor was required for growing
a. rice b. wheat c. sugar d. cotton |
The correct answer is B. Wheat crops were less labor intensive and became the crop of choice in the Upper South. Cotton farmers needed numerous field hands and bought slaves from planters in the Upper South. Sugar, cotton, and rice were more labor intensive crops than wheat, so choices A, C, and D are incorrect.
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Fort Sumter is significant because it was the location of the
a. battle with the most Confederate fatalities b. first shot fired by the Confederates in the Civil War c. final battle of the Civil War d. unconditional surrender of the Confederate Army |
The correct answer is B. Fort Sumter was where the Confederates first fired on Union soldiers, so choices C and D are incorrect. Although it was the first battle and the Union was significantly outgunned, Fort Sumter saw no casualties on either side, so choice A is incorrect.
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The initial conscription law passed by the Confederate government required men to serve for
a. 6 months b. 1 year c. 3 years d. 5 years |
The correct answer is C. The first conscription law passed by the Confederate government required all able-bodied white males between the ages of 18 and 35 to serve for three years in the military. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Prior to the draft, soldiers had volunteered to serve for one-year terms. As the war dragged on, the government drafted men despite hostility toward the law.
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Jefferson Davis attempted to centralize the power of the Confederate government by
a. enforcing the writ of "habeas corpus" b. limiting Congressional authority over taxation c. banishing national conscription laws d. limiting a governor's authority over the state's militia |
The correct answer is D. Davis tried to centralize the Confederacy's government by taking control of state militias and preventing governors from having the authority to recall troops if their states were threatened. Davis suspended the writ of "habeas corpus," so choice A is incorrect. Congressional authority over taxation was not limited, and a national draft was enacted, so choices B and C are incorrect.
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The purpose of establishing the Freedmen's Bureau was to
a. protect the interests of freed slaves b. provide land in the territories to freed slaves c. help runaway slaves escape to freedom d. train runaway slaves in new trades |
The correct answer is A. The Freedmen's Bureau was established by Congress to protect the interests of freed slaves. Intended to last one year, the Bureau helped freed slaves find jobs, homes, medical care, and food. African Americans often settled on abandoned land, but they were not given land in the territories under the Freedmen's Bureau, so choice B is incorrect. Choices C and D are incorrect because the Bureau was developed after the abolishment of slavery, which means there would not be any runaway slaves.
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The confrontations between Grant and Lee during the summer of 1864 are characteristic of a
a. war of attrition b. defensive tactic c. war of engagement d. series of economic assaults |
The correct answer is A. Grant's strategy of beating down Lee's Army of Northern Virginia involved a war of attrition. Grant reduced the size, strength, and will of Lee's army by cutting supply lines and constantly attacking. Earlier in the war, the economy of the South was attacked by cutting off trade, so choice D is incorrect. Choices B and C are incorrect.
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Which of the following was considered an advantage for the Confederacy?
a. Southern soldiers were familiar with the territory that they were required to protect from the Union. b. The population of the South was double that of the North, especially among military age men. c. Cash available to support the Confederate Army was great because of cotton farming. d. Southern troops had access to more equipment, such as firearms, iron, and textiles. |
The correct answer is A. Southern soldiers were at an advantage in regard to the fact that they had to defend the land with which they were familiar. In addition, supporters in the area were willing to provide supplies and intelligence. Choices B and D are incorrect. Money from cotton production depended on purchases by northern manufacturers, so choice C is incorrect.
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As a result of the Second Battle of Bull Run, General John Pope was
a. promoted by Lincoln b. convicted in court c. relieved of duty d. wounded in battle |
The correct answer is C. The disaster at the Second Battle of Bull Run led Pope to be relieved of duty, not promoted, by Lincoln. Pope was sent to stifle Indian uprisings in Minnesota. Choices B and D are incorrect. General Fitz-John Porter was convicted for misconduct during the Second Battle of Bull Run, and Pope was not injured in battle.
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Before Grant became General-in-Chief, what was the Union army's primary problem?
a. Incompetent military leadership b. Inadequate financial funding c. Inefficient military training d. Ineffective supply routes |
The correct answer is A. Incompetent military leadership was the primary problem with the Union army until Grant took command. The high turnover rate of generals and commanders and the numerous missed opportunities for military success point to the fact that military leadership was lacking in the North prior to Grant. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Although funding was at times limited, Union troops ate better than Confederate soldiers did. Training and supply routes were not major issues for the Union army.
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Which of the following is a true statement about slavery in the U.S.?
a. Slave populations decreased during the 1850s in the Deep South. b. Slaves worked in proximity to white laborers on plantations. c. The infant mortality among slaves was twice that of whites. d. Slaves on most plantations worked every day of the week. |
The correct answer is C. The infant mortality rate among slaves was double the rate of the white population because of insufficient medical care, inadequate diets, and sub-standard shelters. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Slave populations increased at a normal rate. On small farms, slaves and whites worked in proximity to one another, and slaves did not usually work on Sundays.
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The high casualty rate of troops led by General Robert E. Lee is most likely explained by his
a. inability to adequately train and prepare his soldiers b. aggressive tactics and strategy during battle c. lack of concern for the well-being of his soldiers d. willingness to engage in futile battles |
The correct answer is B. Lee's aggressive tactics and strategy during battle explains why he had the highest casualty rate of any army commander on either side during the war. Lee prepared his soldiers and cared for their well-being, so choices A and C are incorrect. Lee showed wisdom in knowing when to withdraw and did not needlessly risk the lives of his troops, so choice D is incorrect.
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Which of the following was most beneficial to Lincoln's bid for re-election?
a. Grant's capture of Vicksburg b. Sherman's march to the sea c. Grant's siege of Petersburg d. Sherman's capture of Atlanta |
The correct answer is D. Sherman's capture of Atlanta essentially secured Lincoln's re-election by boosting confidence in the Union. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Vicksburg was captured one year before the election, too early to have been important during the election. Sherman's march to the sea did not end until after the November election. The lengthy siege of Petersburg extended from before the election until well after it.
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The final battle between the Army of Northern Virginia and the Army of the Potomac occurred at
a. Selma, Alabama b. Vicksburg, Mississippi c. Sayler's Creek, Virginia d. Wilmington, North Carolina |
The correct answer is C. Sayler's Creek, Virginia, was the site of the last battle fought between Lee's Army of Northern Virginia and the Army of the Potomac. Lee lost one third of his army at Sayler's Creek and surrendered in Appomattox soon after. Choices A, B, and D were not the sites of the last battle fought between Lee's forces and the Army of the Potomac.
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In order to ensure Maryland remained in the Union, Lincoln
a. waited for Unionist sympathizers to vocalize their opinions b. enacted legislation to take control of the state's government c. arrested vocal Confederate sympathizers to suppress a rebellion d. invaded Baltimore and ordered Union armies to burn key structures |
The correct answer is C. Lincoln suspended the writ of "habeas corpus" and arrested Confederate sympathizers to ensure that Unionists won upcoming state elections. Choice D is incorrect. Although the Union army arrested the sympathizers, no buildings were destroyed. Choices A and B were not actions taken by Lincoln to gain control of Maryland.
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Which of the following was the Union commander at the Battle of Mobile Bay?
a. David Farragut b. David Porter c. Franklin Buchanan d. William McKean |
The correct answer is A. Farragut commanded the attack on Mobile Bay and took control of the port. Blockade runners had been using Mobile to deliver supplies to the Confederacy, so Farragut's victory cut off an important supply route. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Porter and McKean were Union naval admirals not involved in the attack in Alabama, and Buchanan was the Confederate admiral during the Battle of Mobile Bay.
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Which of the following refers to laws passed by Southern state governments under Johnson's Reconstruction Plan that limited the civil liberties of African Americans?
a. Segregation b. Slave laws c. Black codes d. Freedmen laws |
The correct answer is C. Black codes were laws passed by Southern state governments under Johnson's Reconstruction Plan that limited the civil liberties of African Americans. Black codes prohibited African Americans from serving on juries, owning property, and working where they chose. In 1866, Congress passed a civil rights bill to overturn most black codes. Johnson vetoed the bill, but Congress overturned it. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect.
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An abolitionist leader who urged for the immediate end of slavery and edited "The Liberator," a radical abolitionist newspaper, was
a. William Lloyd Garrison b. Wendell Phillips c. John Greenleaf Whittier d. Theodore Weld |
The correct answer is A. William Lloyd Garrison edited "The Liberator" and proclaimed the need for immediate emancipation of all slaves. Unlike Garrison, Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Weld attempted to work through churches to bring about the end of slavery. Phillips and Whittier were abolitionists but not editors of "The Liberator."
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According to the Crittenden Resolution of 1861, the purpose of the Civil War was to
a. abolish slavery b. reunite the states c. eliminate states' rights d. clarify slave states and free states |
The correct answer is B. The Crittenden Resolution stated that the purpose of the Civil War was to reunite the states. Lincoln was concerned about losing the support of border states by stating that the purpose of the war was to abolish slavery, so he agreed to the Crittenden Resolution. The Crittenden Compromise of 1860 was a failed attempt to clarify slave and free states based on the Missouri Compromise line, so choice D is incorrect. Eliminating states' rights was not part of the Crittenden Resolution, so choice C is incorrect.
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Which of the following was a British nurse who inspired American women to enter the field of nursing during the Civil War?
a. Clara Barton b. Sally Louisa Tompkins c. Elizabeth Blackwell d. Florence Nightingale |
The correct answer is D. Florence Nightingale was a British nurse who inspired American women to enter the field of nursing during the Civil War. Nightingale trained nurses during the Crimean War in the 1850s and focused on making hospitals more sanitary to decrease the likelihood of infection. The Union requested advice from Nightingale, and she went on to train American nurses in her techniques. Choices A and B were American nurses, and choice C was the first female American doctor.
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One reason that the Confederate troops were able to defeat the Union army at Bull Run was that Confederate troops
a. surprised the Union army b. had ample battle experience c. received fresh reinforcements d. obtained support from warships |
The correct answer is C. The turning point in the battle was when Confederate troops received fresh reinforcements that were able to overcome the Union army. The Union army had attempted to surprise the Confederates, so choice A is incorrect. Neither side had soldiers with very much battle experience, so choice B is incorrect. Warships did not provide support to the inland battle, so choice D is incorrect.
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Britain assisted the South during the Civil War by
a. selling supplies to the Confederacy b. halting all trade with the Union c. spying on the Union military d. loaning money to the Confederacy |
The correct answer is A. Britain helped the South during the war by selling the government supplies and building Confederate warships. Britain continued trading with the Union during the war, so choice B is incorrect. Britain remained neutral during the war, so choices C and D are incorrect.
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During the Atlanta Campaign, Davis removed Joseph Johnston from command of the Army of Tennessee because he believed Johnston's strategy was
a. methodical and aggressive b. cautious and defensive c. complicated and careless d. risky and reckless |
The correct answer is B. Davis removed Johnston from command of the Army of Tennessee because his strategy seemed too cautious and defensive. Johnston frequently retreated from Sherman rather than making aggressive moves, so choice A is incorrect. Hood, who was described as reckless, replaced Johnston, which makes choice D incorrect.
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Radical members of the American Anti-Slavery Society supported
a. colonization of slaves b. state supported religion c. imprisoning slave owners d. equality for slaves and women |
The correct answer is D. Racial equality for slaves and equality for women were ideas supported by the radical members of the American Anti-Slavery Society. An additional goal for the group was to convince slaveholders that slavery was a sin, but imprisoning slaveholders or implementing a state religion were not objectives. The group was opposed to colonizing slaves to Africa. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect.
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Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation after the success of the
a. Peninsular Campaign b. Battle of Second Manassas c. Antietam Campaign d. Battle of Fredericksburg |
The correct answer is C. The Antietam Campaign forced Lee and his troops to return to Virginia, and the success led Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. The proclamation freed slaves in the Confederacy but not in the border states because Lincoln did not want to lose their support. Choices A, B, and C were all Union failures.
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The United States Sanitary Commission was organized and funded by
a. military physicians b. the Union government c. civilian volunteers d. the Confederate government |
The correct answer is C. Civilian volunteers organized and funded the activities of the U.S. Sanitary Commission, which was an official agency of the Union government. The USSC was a large organization of volunteers that developed out of numerous soldiers' aid societies formed at the beginning of the war. The focus of the USSC was to improve the hygienic conditions at hospitals and army camps. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect.
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Which of the following best explains why General-in-Chief Winfield Scott advanced on the Confederacy at Manassas in 1861?
a. Well trained Union troops b. Economic pressures c. Element of surprise d. Public demand |
The correct answer is D. Public demand to capture Richmond and end the war was strong and pushed Scott to advance on the Confederacy. Union troops were not prepared for battle and retreated in defeat, so choice A is incorrect. The Union did not surprise the Confederacy at Bull Run, so choice C is incorrect.
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Approximately how many soldiers died during the Civil War?
a. 140,000 b. 350,000 c. 620,000 d. 980,000 |
The correct answer is C. Approximately 620,000 soldiers died during the Civil War. The exceedingly high number of deaths is close to the number of American lives lost in all wars between the Revolution and the Vietnam War. Although many deaths occurred on the battlefields, the majority were the result of disease. Choices A and B are too low, while choice D is too high.
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The Battle of Brice's Crossroads began when Sherman sent Union troops after Nathan Forrest to
a. retain control of the Tennessee railroad b. maintain control of the Mississippi River c. retaliate for the Fort Pillow Massacre d. divert Forrest's troops from Atlanta |
The correct answer is A. Sherman sent Sturgis and 8,000 Union soldiers after Forrest to prevent him from interfering with the supply line along the Tennessee railroad, which was in Union control. Although Forrest's troops routed a significantly larger Union force, Forrest was successfully diverted from the Tennessee railroad. Choice C is tempting because Sherman knew of Forrest's involvement with the massacre at Fort Pillow on the Mississippi River, but Sherman was not after retaliation. Forrest's intervention with the rail supply line would have hindered Sherman's march toward Atlanta, so choice D is close but incorrect.
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Which of the following best describes the results of Johnson's 1868 impeachment proceedings?
a. Congress acquitted Johnson of all charges, but he resigned from office. b. Congress convicted Johnson of all charges, and he resigned from office. c. Congress narrowly acquitted Johnson of all charges, and he remained in office. d. Congress unanimously convicted Johnson of all charges, and he was forced from office. |
The correct answer is C. Congress narrowly acquitted Johnson of all charges; the Senate was one vote shy of the two-thirds majority required. Johnson remained in office for the duration of his term, so choice A is incorrect. Johnson's lawyers argued that the president had not committed an indictable crime, so he could not be impeached. Congress agreed and did not convict Johnson, so choices B and D are incorrect.
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Before the creation of the Union ambulance corps, men wounded during battle were evacuated by
a. army physicians b. volunteer civilians c. trained officers d. unfit soldiers |
The correct answer is D. Before the Union ambulance corps, unfit soldiers were assigned the task of transporting the wounded, and they often lacked the discipline to do so. The Union ambulance corps trained individuals in how to carry stretchers quickly and safely to awaiting ambulances on the battle site. The improved organization facilitated the transfer of the injured to field hospitals. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect.
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The Supreme Court ruling in the "Dred Scott v. Sandford" case of 1857 declared that
a. slavery was legal in all the U.S. territories b. slavery was illegal in all the U.S. territories c. citizens must help capture fugitive slaves d. citizens must vote on the issue of emancipation |
The correct answer is A. The "Dred Scott" case established the legality of slavery in all states rather than just some of the states. The Supreme Court ruled that Congress lacked the authority to prohibit slavery in the Louisiana Purchase and allow it in other states, so choice B is incorrect. Choice C relates to the Fugitive Slave Act. Choice D is an incorrect statement.
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Which of the following first commanded the Union's Army of the Potomac?
a. George B. McClellan b. Ulysses S. Grant c. Andrew H. Foote d. Ambrose Burnside |
The correct answer is A. George B. McClellan was commander of the Army of the Potomac, which was the primary force in the Eastern Theater of the Civil War. Choices B and C are incorrect because Grant and Foote commanded the Western Theater. Ambrose Burnside replaced McClellan as commander of the Army of the Potomac, so choice D is incorrect.
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What was the outcome of the Battle of Fredericksburg?
a. General George B. McClellan forced General Robert E. Lee to withdraw. b. General Robert E. Lee defeated D. General Ambrose Burnside. c. Outnumbered Confederate troops surrendered to Union forces. d. The Confederacy suffered the highest number of casualties of the war. |
The correct answer is B. Burnside lost a disastrous battle to Lee and was relieved of duty soon after. Choice A is incorrect because McClellan had already been relieved of duty and did not assist at Fredericksburg. The Confederacy was victorious, so choice C is incorrect. Although both sides suffered high casualties at Fredericksburg, Confederate casualties at Antietam and Shiloh were higher, so choice D is incorrect.
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Abraham Lincoln was assassinated while
a. walking in Richmond after the city was captured b. enjoying an opera in New York City c. watching a play at a Washington theater d. giving his inauguration speech in Washington |
The correct answer is C. John Wilkes Booth assassinated Lincoln at Ford's Theater in Washington during a comedy play. Choice D is incorrect because Lincoln gave his inauguration speech in March 1865, and he was assassinated in April 1865. Union soldiers guarded Lincoln closely as he toured Richmond after its capture, but no assassination attempts were made.
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The preamble of the Confederate constitution was similar to that of the U.S. Constitution except for the omission of which of the following phrases?
a. Domestic tranquility b. Establish justice c. General welfare d. Favor and guidance |
The correct answer is C. The phrase "general welfare" was omitted from the Confederate constitution, while the phrase "favor and guidance" was added. The Confederacy also added to the preamble that each state acted "in its sovereign and independent character." Choices A and B are found in both constitutions.
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The Battle of Perryville was the largest battle fought in
a. George b. Kentucky c. Tennessee d. Mississippi |
The correct answer is B. The Battle of Perryville was the largest battle fought in the state of Kentucky. The battle was considered a strategic win for the Union, although more Union casualties occurred. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Confederate forces withdrew to Tennessee, and Kentucky was controlled by the Union for the rest of the Civil War.
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During the first two years of the Civil War, prisoners of war on both sides were
a. imprisoned indefinitely b. court-martialed c. exchanged d. executed |
The correct answer is C. A regular exchange of prisoners occurred during the first two years of the war, which kept prisons empty and eliminated the costs associated with housing prisoners. Exchanges were based on the soldiers' ranks, which enabled the swaps to remain fair for both sides. The South's reported execution or re-enslavement of African American prisoners ended the exchange system and opened the door to long-term imprisonment for POWs. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect.
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Grant's capture of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson forced the Confederates to
a. secure ports from blockades b. withdraw from Mississippi c. reinforce their gunboats d. withdraw from Kentucky |
The correct answer is D. The capture of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson with the use of gunboats forced the Confederates to withdraw from Kentucky and the western section of Tennessee. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Fort Henry was located on the Tennessee River in Tennessee. Union gunboats were used in the attacks and no Confederate gunboats were involved. The two forts were north of blockaded ports.
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After the fall of Atlanta, Hood and his troops
a. moved east to South Carolina b. followed Sherman to Savannah c. moved north to Tennessee d. returned to Richmond |
The correct answer is C. Sherman headed south to Savannah, and Hood's Army of Tennessee moved north to Tennessee. Hood planned to go around the backside of Sherman's troops and intercept the Union controlled rail line in Chattanooga. The Confederate leader hoped to lure Sherman away from the South, but his troops were ultimately defeated. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect.
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Which state was excluded from a military district under the Reconstruction Act of 1867?
a. Virginia b. Georgia c. Tennessee d. South Carolina |
The correct answer is C. Tennessee was excluded from the five military districts created under the Reconstruction Act of 1867 because Tennessee had ratified the Fourteenth Amendment and been readmitted to the Union. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Virginia was the in the first district. Georgia, Alabama, and Florida made up the third district. North Carolina and South Carolina were in the second district. Each district was governed by a Union general.
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During the Kansas elections to determine the slavery issue, many Missouri residents responded by
a. crossing the border to vote illegally b. organizing a separate government c. destroying the ballot boxes d. blocking polling locations |
The correct answer is A. Missouri residents crossed the border to vote illegally in the Kansas elections. Pro-slavery residents of Missouri felt threatened by the possibility that Kansas could be a free state, but a separate government was not organized, so choice B in incorrect. Violence broke out after Kansas was admitted as a free state and had organized a separate government but violence did not occur during the election, which means choices C and D are incorrect.
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Which of the following was the largest Confederate military prison during the Civil War?
a. Andersonville b. Elmira c. Salisbury d. Alton |
The correct answer is A. Andersonville was the largest Confederate military prison during the Civil War and was located on 27 acres in Georgia. It was intended to house 10,000 men at a time, but at one point it held over 33,000 POWs. Choices B and D were Union prisons, and choice C was a Confederate prison smaller than Andersonville.
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President Johnson responded to the proposal of the Fourteenth Amendment by
a. resigning from public office b. advising southern states not to ratify it c. sending military troops to the North d. urging southern states to sign the measure |
The correct answer is B. Johnson advised southern states not to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment. The amendment earned the necessary two-thirds vote in Congress to override Johnson's veto, so it became part of the constitution. Choice A is incorrect because Johnson served out his term. Choice C is incorrect because Johnson traveled the country speaking against the Fourteenth Amendment, but he did not send the military to the North.
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Critics of General George B. McClellan claimed that he
a. interfered with the decisions of lower ranking officers b. lacked the courage to fight potentially difficult battles c. lacked the intelligence to understand war strategy d. failed to prepare his troops to withstand battle |
The correct answer is B. Critics of McClellan claimed that he lacked the courage to fight potentially difficult battles and that he believed the Confederate troops were too strong for the Union. McClellan reportedly declined to send his troops to battle if he feared they were outnumbered; however, his troops were adequately prepared to fight, so choice D is incorrect. McLellan was considered brilliant, so choice C is incorrect. Choice A was not a complaint made of McClellan.
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In 1865, the Confederate Congress appointed Lee as
a. dictator b. admiral c. president d. general-in-chief |
The correct answer is D. Toward the end of the Civil War, a frustrated Confederate Congress appointed Lee general-in-chief of the Confederate armies. Choice A is incorrect, although some congressional members called for Davis to step down and for Lee to serve as dictator of the Confederacy. By giving Lee command of the remaining army, the Confederate Congress was showing a lack of faith in Davis as president. Lee was an army general rather than a ship commander, so choice B is incorrect.
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Which Reconstruction Act required ratification of a state constitution by a majority of those voting instead of a majority of eligible voters?
a. First Reconstruction Act b. Second Reconstruction Act c. Third Reconstruction Act d. Fourth Reconstruction Act |
The correct answer is D. The fourth Reconstruction Act modified the percentage needed to ratify a state constitution. The first Reconstruction Act stated that a majority of eligible voters was required, but the fourth act required a majority of those voting. The third Reconstruction Act upheld the superiority of military commanders of resistant southern states. Choice A was the initial act that placed states under military command. Choice B protected the voting rights of former slaves by putting federal troops in charge of voter registration.
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Jefferson Davis is best characterized as a leader who
a. earned popularity for visiting with soldiers b. developed an effective long-term strategy c. lacked significant military experience d. interfered with the actions of his generals |
The correct answer is D. Davis was known for arguing with generals and interfering with even small decisions that they made. Choice C is incorrect because Davis was a West Point graduate who fought in the Mexican-American War. Lincoln, not Davis, was praised for his popularity among soldiers and his effective long-range war strategy, so choices A and B are incorrect.
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Which of the following was suspended by both the Union and the Confederacy during the Civil War?
a. Right to petition b. Writ of "habeas corpus" c. Freedom of the press d. Right to a speedy trial |
The correct answer is B. Both Lincoln and Davis suspended the writ of "habeas corpus" during the Civil War. Lincoln suspended the writ of "habeas corpus" when he had abolitionists in Maryland imprisoned until the end of the war. Davis suspended the writ of "habeas corpus" when violence and riots broke out in Richmond and he called for martial law and the imprisonment of violators. Choices A, C, and D remained in place during the war.
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Which of the following enabled a draftee to avoid service according to the 1863 Enrollment Act?
a. Working in an essential job b. Owning at least 20 slaves c. Paying a commutation fee d. Being the sole provider |
The correct answer is C. Under the 1863 Enrollment Act signed by Lincoln, draftees were able to avoid service by paying a $300 commutation fee that exempted them from the current draft but not future ones. Choices A and B are incorrect. It was under the Confederate conscription laws that working in jobs considered essential and owning at least 20 slaves enabled draftees to avoid service; the 1863 Enrollment Act dealt with Union citizens. Choice D is incorrect because being the sole provider of a family did not legally exempt a man from the draft, although such men were occasionally excused from service.
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Which of the following is considered the most one-sided battle of the Civil War in regard to casualties and losses?
a. Battle of Shiloh b. Battle of Antietam c. Battle of Fredericksburg d. Battle of Gettysburg |
The correct answer is C. The Battle of Fredericksburg is considered the most one-sided battle of the Civil War because the Union suffered over 12,000 casualties while the Confederacy suffered around 5,000. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because casualties were almost equally high on both sides at Shiloh, Antietam, and Gettysburg.
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Which of the following was a runaway slave who led hundreds of slaves to freedom along the Underground Railroad?
a. Elizabeth Cady Stanton b. Harriet Tubman c. Sojourner Truth d. Harriet Beecher Stowe |
The correct answer is B. Harriet Tubman was a runaway slave who helped hundreds of slaves escape to the North along the Underground Railroad. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Sojourner Truth was a freed slave who was an outspoken abolitionist and women's rights activist in the nineteenth century. Harriet Beecher Stowe was an abolitionist who wrote about slavery in "Uncle Tom's Cabin." Elizabeth Cady Stanton was an abolitionist and women's movement activist.
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The Fifteenth Amendment served to
a. permanently abolish slavery in the U.S. b. grant citizenship to anyone born in America c. provide American males with the right to vote d. impeach any president deemed unfit for office |
The correct answer is C. The Fifteenth Amendment gave the right to vote to all American males, which meant that African American males could vote. Choice B describes the Fourteenth Amendment, while choice A describes the Thirteenth Amendment. Actions were taken during Reconstruction to impeach Johnson, but the Fifteenth Amendment does not address that issue. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect.
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Confederate troops hoped to stage a surprise offensive against the Union at Pittsburg Landing by
a. attacking forts along the Mississippi River b. destroying Union gunboats during the night c. attacking before Buell's reinforcements arrived d. forcing the division of Buell's troops from Grant's troops |
The correct answer is C. Confederate General Johnston hoped to stage a surprise offensive on Grant's troops at Pittsburg Landing by attacking Grant before Buell's reinforcements arrived. The surprise attack caused the Confederates to win on the first day at Shiloh, but the Union rebounded and won the battle. Choices A and B are incorrect. Choice D would have benefited Johnston, but his primary goal was to attack before Buell arrived.
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Elizabeth Van Lew was a spy who collected intelligence information by
a. visiting imprisoned Union soldiers b. intercepting important mail messages c. attending Washington, D.C., balls d. working as a servant in the home of Jefferson Davis |
The correct answer is A. Van Lew lived in Richmond but supported the Union; she often visited Union soldiers in Libby Prison, gathered intelligence about the Confederate military while there, and passed the information to Union commanders. The information gathered by Van Lew was praised by General Grant. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Van Lew reportedly convinced one of her servants to work in Davis' home and relay information to her. After the war, Van Lew was made Richmond postmistress for her service.
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