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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the pathophysiology of Parkinson's?
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loss of dopaminergic neurons
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Which type of neurons are overexpressed in Parkinson's?
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cholinergic neurons (from loss of dopaminergic neurons)
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At what age does Parkinson's usually start and in what ethnicities is it more prevalent?
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starts in 50's
more prevalent in western and european cultures |
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What are the four (4) clinical signs of Parkinson's?
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tremor
rigidity akinesia/bradykinesia postural instability |
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True or False - Parkinson's exhibits symmetry
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False - if symmetrical, probably not Parkinson's
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Is Parkinson's slowly-progressing or rapidly-progressing?
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slowly-progressing
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What are the surgical treatments for Parkinson's? (3)
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deep brain stimulation
ablation embryonic dopaminergic neurons implant |
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Which drug class is usually first-line for Parkinson's?
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anticholinergics
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What are the three (3) anticholinergics?
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trihexyphenidyl (Artane)
benztropine (Cogentin) biperiden (Akineton) |
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What is the mechanism for amantadine?
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NMDA receptor antagonist (blocks glutamate)
Increases dopamine and decreases ACh |
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What are the disadvantages of levodopa therapy? (2)
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"On-Off" phenomenon (peak and trough levels)
Dyskinesia develops after extended use |
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What are two drug classes that improve the "wearing off" effects of levodopa?
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MAO-B inhibitors
COMT inhibitors |
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What are the drug interactions with MAO-B inhibitors? (2)
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SSRIs
mepiridine |
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What are the two (2) MAO-B inhibitors?
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selegeline
rosagaline |
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What are the two (2) COMT inhibitors?
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entacapone
tolcapone |
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What are the four (4) dopamine receptor agonists?
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bromocriptine
pramipexole ropinirole apomorphine |
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What is an alternative treatment for tremor?
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beta blocker - nadolol
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Which antipsychotic can be used for psychosis in Parkinson's?
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clozapine
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Which chemical compound can induce Parkinson's?
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MPTP
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Which drug classes can induce Parkinsonism? (3)
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antipsychotics (phenothiazines)
antiemetics (metoclopramide, promethazine) antihypertensives (reserpine, methyldopa) |
