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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where are the most typical sites for fractures? (3)
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proximal femur (hip)
vertebrae (spine) distal forearm (wrist) |
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Which cell forms bones?
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osteoblasts
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Which cell resorbs bones?
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osteoclasts
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What are 4 of the 8 risk factors for fractures?
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low bone mineral density
personal history of fracture age family history cigarette smoking low BMI excessive alcohol use chronic glucocorticoid use |
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What BMD standard deviation is the criteria for osteoporosis?
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-2.5 standard deviations below the young normal mean reference population
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A patient has a T-score of -1.5, what category is she in?
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osteopenia
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A patient has a T-score of -3, what category is she in?
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osteoporosis
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What method was developed by the WHO to evaluate an individual's 10-year risk for hip and major osteoporotic fracture?
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FRAX
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What are the three types/classes of pharmacological treatments for osteoporosis?
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Calcium/Vitamin D (OTC)
Antiresorptive agents Anabolic agents |
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How much elemental calcium can be absorbed per dose of supplemental calcium?
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500-600mg
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Adults up to 50 need ____mg of calcium, and past age 50 need ____mg
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up to 50 - 1,000mg
past 50 - 1,200mg |
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Which supplement helps the body absorb calcium?
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vitamin D
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Adults up to 50 need ___ IU of vitamin D, and past age 50 need ___ IU
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up to 50 - 800 IU
past 50 - 1,200 IU |
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What is the first-line therapy for osteoporosis?
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bisphosphonates
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What do bisphosphonates inhibit?
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osteoclast activity
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Which two bisphosphonates are taken on an empty stomach with water at least 30 min before eating/drinking?
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alendronate
risedronate |
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Which two bisphosphonates are taken on an empty stomach with water at least 60 min before eating/drinking?
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ibandronate
zoledronic acid |
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What side effect is usually seen in patients taking bisphosphonates for longer than 5 years?
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reports of unusual broken bones in the femur
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Which bisphosphonate is indicated for osteoporosis in women, men, and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis?
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risedronate (Actonel)
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Which bisphosphonate is given once per month?
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ibandronate (Boniva)
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Which hormone is important in bone health?
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estrogen
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Which drug is a selective estrogen receptor modulator?
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raloxifene (Evista)
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True or False - There are significant risks for hormone replacement therapy in osteoporosis
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True
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What drug is available as an injection and a nasal spray
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calcitonin (Miacalcin)
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Which drug class builds new bones?
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anabolic agents
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Which drug has a black box warning due to findings of osteosarcoma in animal studies?
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teriparatide (Forteo)
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What drug is an anabolic agent for osteoporosis?
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teriparatide (Forteo)
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Patients receiving long-term glucocorticoids (increases/decreases) risk of fracture
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increases - recommend bisphosphonates for all patients starting glucocorticoid therapy
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