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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DSM-IV
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorders; lists appx. 400 disorders; multiaxial
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Axis I
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most frequent diagnosed disorders
ex: mood |
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Axis II
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personality disorders and mental retardation
-long-standing problems; usually begin in childhood |
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Axis III
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Relevant general medical condidtions
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Axis IV
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psychosocial and environmental problems
ex: loss of job |
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Axis V
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0-100 scale of global assessment of psychological, social, and occupational functioning
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Reliability
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different diagnositicans agree on Dx using same classification system
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Variability
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accuracy of info provided by diagnostic categories
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Cautions and Criticisms of DSM
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Cautions
-need specialized training to diagnose -not necessarily a legal document Criticisms -based too much on medical model -child/adolescent disorders not adequately covered -cookie cutter approach |
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Sign
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something observable
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Symptom
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reported by client
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Syndrome
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cluster of signs and symptoms
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Disorder
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dx linking syndromes; could be same as a syndrome
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Disease
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disorder with known pathophysiology
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Assessment
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clinical interviews; psychological tests; observation
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Clinical Interviews
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collect detailed information and history
structured or unstructured -set questions vs. open-ended limitations -may lack accuracy -can be biased |
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Psychological tests
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fall into 6 categories
projective, objective, self-report, psychophysiological, neuro, intelligence |
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Projective
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subjects interpret vague and ambiguous stimuli
ex: rorschach inkblots; thematic apperception test; early memories; sentence completion |
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critiquing projective tests
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rarely demonstrate reliability or validity, can be biased against low SES
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Objective Tests
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personality inventories
-measures broad personality characteristic, usually self-report, focus on behaviors, beliefs and feelings ex: MMPI |
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Critiquing Objective tests
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easier, cheaper, faster; have greater validity; fails to allow for cultural differences
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Self-Report
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focus on one specific area of functioning; affective, social skills, and cognitive inventories
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Critiquing self-report
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strong face validity (can lie, know exactly what is being tested)
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Psychophysiological Tests
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measure physiological response as an indication of psychological problems
ex: polygraph |
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Critiquing psychophysiological tests
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require expensive equipment; can be inaccurate and unreliable
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Neuro tests
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neurological: directly assess brain function by assessing structure and activity
neuropsychological: indirectly assess brain function by assessing ncognitive, perceptual, and motor functioning (looks at function) |
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Critiquing neuro tests
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very accurate; rough and general screening devices
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Intelligence Tests
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measure intellectual ability; generate an intelligence quotient
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Critiquing intelligence tests
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most carefully produced of all tests; high reliability and validity; performance influenced by other facts (motivation, anxiety); can contain cultural bias
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Observation
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three classes of problems; behavioral excesses, behavioral defecits; inappropriate behavior
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